change web version

Bumps the actions group with 1 update: [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout).


Updates `actions/checkout` from 5 to 6
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v5...v6)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/checkout
  dependency-version: '6'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
  dependency-group: actions
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/format.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Format
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: "3.x"

.github/workflows/python-publish.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Container Monitor TUI
+
+A beautiful terminal-based container monitoring tool that combines syscall tracking, file I/O monitoring, and network traffic analysis using eBPF.
+
+## Features
+
+- 🎯 **Interactive Cgroup Selection** - Navigate and select cgroups with arrow keys
+- 📊 **Real-time Monitoring** - Live graphs and statistics
+- 🔥 **Syscall Tracking** - Total syscall count per cgroup
+- 💾 **File I/O Monitoring** - Read/write operations and bytes with graphs
+- 🌐 **Network Traffic** - RX/TX packets and bytes with live graphs
+- ⚡ **Efficient Caching** - Reduced /proc lookups for better performance
+- 🎨 **Beautiful TUI** - Clean, colorful terminal interface
+
+## Requirements
+
+- Python 3.7+
+- pythonbpf
+- Root privileges (for eBPF)
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+# Ensure you have pythonbpf installed
+pip install pythonbpf
+
+# Run the monitor
+sudo $(which python) container_monitor.py
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+1. **Selection Screen**: Use ↑↓ arrow keys to navigate through cgroups, press ENTER to select
+2. **Monitoring Screen**: View real-time graphs and statistics, press ESC or 'b' to go back
+3. **Exit**: Press 'q' at any time to quit
+
+## Architecture
+
+- `container_monitor.py` - Main BPF program combining all three tracers
+- `data_collector.py` - Data collection, caching, and history management
+- `tui. py` - Terminal user interface with selection and monitoring screens
+
+## BPF Programs
+
+- **vfs_read/vfs_write** - Track file I/O operations
+- **__netif_receive_skb/__dev_queue_xmit** - Track network traffic
+- **raw_syscalls/sys_enter** - Count all syscalls
+
+All programs filter by cgroup ID for per-container monitoring.

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/container_monitor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+"""Container Monitor - TUI-based cgroup monitoring combining syscall, file I/O, and network tracking."""
+
+from pythonbpf import bpf, map, section, bpfglobal, struct, BPF
+from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
+from pythonbpf.helper import get_current_cgroup_id
+from ctypes import c_int32, c_uint64, c_void_p
+from vmlinux import struct_pt_regs, struct_sk_buff
+
+from data_collection import ContainerDataCollector
+from tui import ContainerMonitorTUI
+
+
+# ==================== BPF Structs ====================
+
+
+@bpf
+@struct
+class read_stats:
+    bytes: c_uint64
+    ops: c_uint64
+
+
+@bpf
+@struct
+class write_stats:
+    bytes: c_uint64
+    ops: c_uint64
+
+
+@bpf
+@struct
+class net_stats:
+    rx_packets: c_uint64
+    tx_packets: c_uint64
+    rx_bytes: c_uint64
+    tx_bytes: c_uint64
+
+
+# ==================== BPF Maps ====================
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def read_map() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=read_stats, max_entries=1024)
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def write_map() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=write_stats, max_entries=1024)
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def net_stats_map() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=net_stats, max_entries=1024)
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def syscall_count() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=c_uint64, max_entries=1024)
+
+
+# ==================== File I/O Tracing ====================
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("kprobe/vfs_read")
+def trace_read(ctx: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
+    cg = get_current_cgroup_id()
+    count = c_uint64(ctx.dx)
+    ptr = read_map.lookup(cg)
+    if ptr:
+        s = read_stats()
+        s.bytes = ptr.bytes + count
+        s.ops = ptr.ops + 1
+        read_map.update(cg, s)
+    else:
+        s = read_stats()
+        s.bytes = count
+        s.ops = c_uint64(1)
+        read_map.update(cg, s)
+
+    return c_int32(0)
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("kprobe/vfs_write")
+def trace_write(ctx1: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
+    cg = get_current_cgroup_id()
+    count = c_uint64(ctx1.dx)
+    ptr = write_map.lookup(cg)
+
+    if ptr:
+        s = write_stats()
+        s.bytes = ptr.bytes + count
+        s.ops = ptr.ops + 1
+        write_map.update(cg, s)
+    else:
+        s = write_stats()
+        s.bytes = count
+        s.ops = c_uint64(1)
+        write_map.update(cg, s)
+
+    return c_int32(0)
+
+
+# ==================== Network I/O Tracing ====================
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("kprobe/__netif_receive_skb")
+def trace_netif_rx(ctx2: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
+    cgroup_id = get_current_cgroup_id()
+    skb = struct_sk_buff(ctx2.di)
+    pkt_len = c_uint64(skb.len)
+
+    stats_ptr = net_stats_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+
+    if stats_ptr:
+        stats = net_stats()
+        stats.rx_packets = stats_ptr.rx_packets + 1
+        stats.tx_packets = stats_ptr.tx_packets
+        stats.rx_bytes = stats_ptr.rx_bytes + pkt_len
+        stats.tx_bytes = stats_ptr.tx_bytes
+        net_stats_map.update(cgroup_id, stats)
+    else:
+        stats = net_stats()
+        stats.rx_packets = c_uint64(1)
+        stats.tx_packets = c_uint64(0)
+        stats.rx_bytes = pkt_len
+        stats.tx_bytes = c_uint64(0)
+        net_stats_map.update(cgroup_id, stats)
+
+    return c_int32(0)
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("kprobe/__dev_queue_xmit")
+def trace_dev_xmit(ctx3: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
+    cgroup_id = get_current_cgroup_id()
+    skb = struct_sk_buff(ctx3.di)
+    pkt_len = c_uint64(skb.len)
+
+    stats_ptr = net_stats_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+
+    if stats_ptr:
+        stats = net_stats()
+        stats.rx_packets = stats_ptr.rx_packets
+        stats.tx_packets = stats_ptr.tx_packets + 1
+        stats.rx_bytes = stats_ptr.rx_bytes
+        stats.tx_bytes = stats_ptr.tx_bytes + pkt_len
+        net_stats_map.update(cgroup_id, stats)
+    else:
+        stats = net_stats()
+        stats.rx_packets = c_uint64(0)
+        stats.tx_packets = c_uint64(1)
+        stats.rx_bytes = c_uint64(0)
+        stats.tx_bytes = pkt_len
+        net_stats_map.update(cgroup_id, stats)
+
+    return c_int32(0)
+
+
+# ==================== Syscall Tracing ====================
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("tracepoint/raw_syscalls/sys_enter")
+def count_syscalls(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int32:
+    cgroup_id = get_current_cgroup_id()
+    count_ptr = syscall_count.lookup(cgroup_id)
+
+    if count_ptr:
+        new_count = count_ptr + c_uint64(1)
+        syscall_count.update(cgroup_id, new_count)
+    else:
+        syscall_count.update(cgroup_id, c_uint64(1))
+
+    return c_int32(0)
+
+
+@bpf
+@bpfglobal
+def LICENSE() -> str:
+    return "GPL"
+
+
+# ==================== Main ====================
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("🔥 Loading BPF programs...")
+
+    # Load and attach BPF program
+    b = BPF()
+    b.load()
+    b.attach_all()
+
+    # Get map references and enable struct deserialization
+    read_map_ref = b["read_map"]
+    write_map_ref = b["write_map"]
+    net_stats_map_ref = b["net_stats_map"]
+    syscall_count_ref = b["syscall_count"]
+
+    read_map_ref.set_value_struct("read_stats")
+    write_map_ref.set_value_struct("write_stats")
+    net_stats_map_ref.set_value_struct("net_stats")
+
+    print("✅ BPF programs loaded and attached")
+
+    # Setup data collector
+    collector = ContainerDataCollector(
+        read_map_ref, write_map_ref, net_stats_map_ref, syscall_count_ref
+    )
+
+    # Create and run TUI
+    tui = ContainerMonitorTUI(collector)
+    tui.run()

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/data_collection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""Data collection and management for container monitoring."""
+
+import os
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Set, Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from collections import deque, defaultdict
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CgroupInfo:
+    """Information about a cgroup."""
+
+    id: int
+    name: str
+    path: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ContainerStats:
+    """Statistics for a container/cgroup."""
+
+    cgroup_id: int
+    cgroup_name: str
+
+    # File I/O
+    read_ops: int = 0
+    read_bytes: int = 0
+    write_ops: int = 0
+    write_bytes: int = 0
+
+    # Network I/O
+    rx_packets: int = 0
+    rx_bytes: int = 0
+    tx_packets: int = 0
+    tx_bytes: int = 0
+
+    # Syscalls
+    syscall_count: int = 0
+
+    # Timestamp
+    timestamp: float = 0.0
+
+
+class ContainerDataCollector:
+    """Collects and manages container monitoring data from BPF."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, read_map, write_map, net_stats_map, syscall_map, history_size: int = 100
+    ):
+        self.read_map = read_map
+        self.write_map = write_map
+        self.net_stats_map = net_stats_map
+        self.syscall_map = syscall_map
+
+        # Caching
+        self._cgroup_cache: Dict[int, CgroupInfo] = {}
+        self._cgroup_cache_time = 0
+        self._cache_ttl = 5.0
+        0  # Refresh cache every 5 seconds
+
+        # Historical data for graphing
+        self._history_size = history_size
+        self._history: Dict[int, deque] = defaultdict(
+            lambda: deque(maxlen=history_size)
+        )
+
+    def get_all_cgroups(self) -> List[CgroupInfo]:
+        """Get all cgroups with caching."""
+        current_time = time.time()
+
+        # Use cached data if still valid
+        if current_time - self._cgroup_cache_time < self._cache_ttl:
+            return list(self._cgroup_cache.values())
+
+        # Refresh cache
+        self._refresh_cgroup_cache()
+        return list(self._cgroup_cache.values())
+
+    def _refresh_cgroup_cache(self):
+        """Refresh the cgroup cache from /proc."""
+        cgroup_map: Dict[int, Set[str]] = defaultdict(set)
+
+        # Scan /proc to find all cgroups
+        for proc_dir in Path("/proc").glob("[0-9]*"):
+            try:
+                cgroup_file = proc_dir / "cgroup"
+                if not cgroup_file.exists():
+                    continue
+
+                with open(cgroup_file) as f:
+                    for line in f:
+                        parts = line.strip().split(":")
+                        if len(parts) >= 3:
+                            cgroup_path = parts[2]
+                            cgroup_mount = f"/sys/fs/cgroup{cgroup_path}"
+
+                            if os.path.exists(cgroup_mount):
+                                stat_info = os.stat(cgroup_mount)
+                                cgroup_id = stat_info.st_ino
+                                cgroup_map[cgroup_id].add(cgroup_path)
+
+            except (PermissionError, FileNotFoundError, OSError):
+                continue
+
+        # Update cache with best names
+        new_cache = {}
+        for cgroup_id, paths in cgroup_map.items():
+            # Pick the most descriptive path
+            best_path = self._get_best_cgroup_path(paths)
+            name = self._get_cgroup_name(best_path)
+
+            new_cache[cgroup_id] = CgroupInfo(id=cgroup_id, name=name, path=best_path)
+
+        self._cgroup_cache = new_cache
+        self._cgroup_cache_time = time.time()
+
+    def _get_best_cgroup_path(self, paths: Set[str]) -> str:
+        """Select the most descriptive cgroup path."""
+        path_list = list(paths)
+
+        # Prefer paths with more components (more specific)
+        # Prefer paths containing docker, podman, etc.
+        for keyword in ["docker", "podman", "kubernetes", "k8s", "systemd"]:
+            for path in path_list:
+                if keyword in path.lower():
+                    return path
+
+        # Return longest path (most specific)
+        return max(path_list, key=lambda p: (len(p.split("/")), len(p)))
+
+    def _get_cgroup_name(self, path: str) -> str:
+        """Extract a friendly name from cgroup path."""
+        if not path or path == "/":
+            return "root"
+
+        # Remove leading/trailing slashes
+        path = path.strip("/")
+
+        # Try to extract container ID or service name
+        parts = path.split("/")
+
+        # For Docker: /docker/<container_id>
+        if "docker" in path.lower():
+            for i, part in enumerate(parts):
+                if part.lower() == "docker" and i + 1 < len(parts):
+                    container_id = parts[i + 1][:12]  # Short ID
+                    return f"docker:{container_id}"
+
+        # For systemd services
+        if "system.slice" in path:
+            for part in parts:
+                if part.endswith(".service"):
+                    return part.replace(".service", "")
+
+        # For user slices
+        if "user.slice" in path:
+            return f"user:{parts[-1]}" if parts else "user"
+
+        # Default: use last component
+        return parts[-1] if parts else path
+
+    def get_stats_for_cgroup(self, cgroup_id: int) -> ContainerStats:
+        """Get current statistics for a specific cgroup."""
+        cgroup_info = self._cgroup_cache.get(cgroup_id)
+        cgroup_name = cgroup_info.name if cgroup_info else f"cgroup-{cgroup_id}"
+
+        stats = ContainerStats(
+            cgroup_id=cgroup_id, cgroup_name=cgroup_name, timestamp=time.time()
+        )
+
+        # Get file I/O stats
+        read_stat = self.read_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+        if read_stat:
+            stats.read_ops = int(read_stat.ops)
+            stats.read_bytes = int(read_stat.bytes)
+
+        write_stat = self.write_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+        if write_stat:
+            stats.write_ops = int(write_stat.ops)
+            stats.write_bytes = int(write_stat.bytes)
+
+        # Get network stats
+        net_stat = self.net_stats_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+        if net_stat:
+            stats.rx_packets = int(net_stat.rx_packets)
+            stats.rx_bytes = int(net_stat.rx_bytes)
+            stats.tx_packets = int(net_stat.tx_packets)
+            stats.tx_bytes = int(net_stat.tx_bytes)
+
+        # Get syscall count
+        syscall_cnt = self.syscall_map.lookup(cgroup_id)
+        if syscall_cnt is not None:
+            stats.syscall_count = int(syscall_cnt)
+
+        # Add to history
+        self._history[cgroup_id].append(stats)
+
+        return stats
+
+    def get_history(self, cgroup_id: int) -> List[ContainerStats]:
+        """Get historical statistics for graphing."""
+        return list(self._history[cgroup_id])
+
+    def get_cgroup_info(self, cgroup_id: int) -> Optional[CgroupInfo]:
+        """Get cached cgroup information."""
+        return self._cgroup_cache.get(cgroup_id)

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/file_io.bpf.py

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-import logging
-
-from pythonbpf import bpf, map, section, bpfglobal, struct, compile
-from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
-from pythonbpf.helper import get_current_cgroup_id
-from ctypes import c_int32, c_uint64
-from vmlinux import struct_pt_regs
-
-
-@bpf
-@struct
-class read_stats:
-    bytes: c_uint64
-    ops: c_uint64
-
-
-@bpf
-@struct
-class write_stats:
-    bytes: c_uint64
-    ops: c_uint64
-
-
-@bpf
-@map
-def read_map() -> HashMap:
-    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=read_stats, max_entries=1024)
-
-
-@bpf
-@map
-def write_map() -> HashMap:
-    return HashMap(key=c_uint64, value=write_stats, max_entries=1024)
-
-
-#
-# READ PROBE
-#
-@bpf
-@section("kprobe/vfs_read")
-def trace_read(ctx: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
-    cg = get_current_cgroup_id()
-    count = c_uint64(ctx.dx)
-    ptr = read_map.lookup(cg)
-
-    if ptr:
-        s = read_stats()
-        s.bytes = ptr.bytes + count
-        s.ops = ptr.ops + 1
-        read_map.update(cg, ptr)
-    else:
-        print("read init")
-        s = read_stats()
-        s.bytes = count
-        s.ops = c_uint64(1)
-        read_map.update(cg, s)
-
-    return c_int32(0)
-
-
-#
-# WRITE PROBE
-#
-@bpf
-@section("kprobe/vfs_write")
-def trace_write(ctx1: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int32:
-    cg = get_current_cgroup_id()
-    count = c_uint64(ctx1.dx)
-    ptr = write_map.lookup(cg)
-
-    if ptr:
-        s = write_stats()
-        s.bytes = ptr.bytes + count
-        s.ops = ptr.ops + 1
-        write_map.update(cg, s)
-    else:
-        print("write init")
-        s = write_stats()
-        s.bytes = count
-        s.ops = c_uint64(1)
-        write_map.update(cg, s)
-
-    return c_int32(0)
-
-
-@bpf
-@bpfglobal
-def LICENSE() -> str:
-    return "GPL"
-
-
-compile(loglevel=logging.INFO)

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/tui.py

@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+"""Terminal User Interface for container monitoring."""
+
+import time
+import curses
+import threading
+from typing import Optional, List
+from data_collection import ContainerDataCollector
+from web_dashboard import WebDashboard
+
+
+def _safe_addstr(stdscr, y: int, x: int, text: str, *args):
+    """Safely add string to screen with bounds checking."""
+    try:
+        height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+        if 0 <= y < height and 0 <= x < width:
+            # Truncate text to fit
+            max_len = width - x - 1
+            if max_len > 0:
+                stdscr.addstr(y, x, text[:max_len], *args)
+    except curses.error:
+        pass
+
+
+def _draw_fancy_header(stdscr, title: str, subtitle: str):
+    """Draw a fancy header with title and subtitle."""
+    height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    # Top border
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, 0, 0, "═" * width, curses.color_pair(6) | curses.A_BOLD)
+
+    # Title
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr,
+        0,
+        max(0, (width - len(title)) // 2),
+        f" {title} ",
+        curses.color_pair(6) | curses.A_BOLD,
+    )
+
+    # Subtitle
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr,
+        1,
+        max(0, (width - len(subtitle)) // 2),
+        subtitle,
+        curses.color_pair(1),
+    )
+
+    # Bottom border
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, 2, 0, "═" * width, curses.color_pair(6))
+
+
+def _draw_metric_box(
+    stdscr,
+    y: int,
+    x: int,
+    width: int,
+    label: str,
+    value: str,
+    detail: str,
+    color_pair: int,
+):
+    """Draw a fancy box for displaying a metric."""
+    height, _ = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    if y + 4 >= height:
+        return
+
+    # Top border
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr, y, x, "┌" + "─" * (width - 2) + "┐", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD
+    )
+
+    # Label
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 1, x, "│", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 1, x + 2, label, color_pair | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 1, x + width - 1, "│", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD)
+
+    # Value
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 2, x, "│", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 2, x + 4, value, curses.color_pair(2) | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr,
+        y + 2,
+        min(x + width - len(detail) - 3, x + width - 2),
+        detail,
+        color_pair | curses.A_BOLD,
+    )
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 2, x + width - 1, "│", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD)
+
+    # Bottom border
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr, y + 3, x, "└" + "─" * (width - 2) + "┘", color_pair | curses.A_BOLD
+    )
+
+
+def _draw_section_header(stdscr, y: int, title: str, color_pair: int):
+    """Draw a section header."""
+    height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    if y >= height:
+        return
+
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, 2, title, curses.color_pair(color_pair) | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr,
+        y,
+        len(title) + 3,
+        "─" * (width - len(title) - 5),
+        curses.color_pair(color_pair) | curses.A_BOLD,
+    )
+
+
+def _calculate_rates(history: List) -> dict:
+    """Calculate per-second rates from history."""
+    if len(history) < 2:
+        return {
+            "syscalls_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "rx_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "tx_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "rx_pkts_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "tx_pkts_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "read_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "write_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "read_ops_per_sec": 0.0,
+            "write_ops_per_sec": 0.0,
+        }
+
+    # Calculate delta between last two samples
+    recent = history[-1]
+    previous = history[-2]
+    time_delta = recent.timestamp - previous.timestamp
+
+    if time_delta <= 0:
+        time_delta = 1.0
+
+    return {
+        "syscalls_per_sec": (recent.syscall_count - previous.syscall_count)
+        / time_delta,
+        "rx_bytes_per_sec": (recent.rx_bytes - previous.rx_bytes) / time_delta,
+        "tx_bytes_per_sec": (recent.tx_bytes - previous.tx_bytes) / time_delta,
+        "rx_pkts_per_sec": (recent.rx_packets - previous.rx_packets) / time_delta,
+        "tx_pkts_per_sec": (recent.tx_packets - previous.tx_packets) / time_delta,
+        "read_bytes_per_sec": (recent.read_bytes - previous.read_bytes) / time_delta,
+        "write_bytes_per_sec": (recent.write_bytes - previous.write_bytes) / time_delta,
+        "read_ops_per_sec": (recent.read_ops - previous.read_ops) / time_delta,
+        "write_ops_per_sec": (recent.write_ops - previous.write_ops) / time_delta,
+    }
+
+
+def _format_bytes(bytes_val: float) -> str:
+    """Format bytes into human-readable string."""
+    if bytes_val < 0:
+        bytes_val = 0
+    for unit in ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"]:
+        if bytes_val < 1024.0:
+            return f"{bytes_val:.1f}{unit}"
+        bytes_val /= 1024.0
+    return f"{bytes_val:.1f}PB"
+
+
+def _draw_bar_graph_enhanced(
+    stdscr,
+    y: int,
+    x: int,
+    width: int,
+    height: int,
+    data: List[float],
+    color_pair: int,
+):
+    """Draw an enhanced bar graph with axis and scale."""
+    screen_height, screen_width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    if not data or width < 2 or y + height >= screen_height:
+        return
+
+    # Calculate statistics
+    max_val = max(data) if max(data) > 0 else 1
+    min_val = min(data)
+    avg_val = sum(data) / len(data)
+
+    # Take last 'width - 12' data points (leave room for Y-axis)
+    graph_width = max(1, width - 12)
+    recent_data = data[-graph_width:] if len(data) > graph_width else data
+
+    # Draw Y-axis labels (with bounds checking)
+    if y < screen_height:
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, y, x, f"│{_format_bytes(max_val):>9}", curses.color_pair(7)
+        )
+    if y + height // 2 < screen_height:
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            y + height // 2,
+            x,
+            f"│{_format_bytes(avg_val):>9}",
+            curses.color_pair(7),
+        )
+    if y + height - 1 < screen_height:
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            y + height - 1,
+            x,
+            f"│{_format_bytes(min_val):>9}",
+            curses.color_pair(7),
+        )
+
+    # Draw bars
+    for row in range(height):
+        if y + row >= screen_height:
+            break
+
+        threshold = (height - row) / height
+        bar_line = ""
+
+        for val in recent_data:
+            normalized = val / max_val if max_val > 0 else 0
+            if normalized >= threshold:
+                bar_line += "█"
+            elif normalized >= threshold - 0.15:
+                bar_line += "▓"
+            elif normalized >= threshold - 0.35:
+                bar_line += "▒"
+            elif normalized >= threshold - 0.5:
+                bar_line += "░"
+            else:
+                bar_line += " "
+
+        _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + row, x + 11, bar_line, color_pair)
+
+    # Draw X-axis
+    if y + height < screen_height:
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            y + height,
+            x + 10,
+            "├" + "─" * len(recent_data),
+            curses.color_pair(7),
+        )
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            y + height,
+            x + 10 + len(recent_data),
+            "→ time",
+            curses.color_pair(7),
+        )
+
+
+def _draw_labeled_graph(
+    stdscr,
+    y: int,
+    x: int,
+    width: int,
+    height: int,
+    label: str,
+    rate: str,
+    detail: str,
+    data: List[float],
+    color_pair: int,
+    description: str,
+):
+    """Draw a graph with labels and legend."""
+    screen_height, screen_width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+    if y >= screen_height or y + height + 2 >= screen_height:
+        return
+
+    # Header with metrics
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, x, label, curses.color_pair(1) | curses.A_BOLD)
+    _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, x + len(label) + 2, rate, curses.color_pair(2))
+    _safe_addstr(
+        stdscr, y, x + len(label) + len(rate) + 4, detail, curses.color_pair(7)
+    )
+
+    # Draw the graph
+    if len(data) > 1:
+        _draw_bar_graph_enhanced(stdscr, y + 1, x, width, height, data, color_pair)
+    else:
+        _safe_addstr(stdscr, y + 2, x + 2, "Collecting data...", curses.color_pair(7))
+
+    # Graph legend
+    if y + height + 1 < screen_height:
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, y + height + 1, x, f"└─ {description}", curses.color_pair(7)
+        )
+
+
+class ContainerMonitorTUI:
+    """TUI for container monitoring with cgroup selection and live graphs."""
+
+    def __init__(self, collector: ContainerDataCollector):
+        self.collector = collector
+        self.selected_cgroup: Optional[int] = None
+        self.current_screen = "selection"  # "selection" or "monitoring"
+        self.selected_index = 0
+        self.scroll_offset = 0
+        self.web_dashboard = None
+        self.web_thread = None
+
+    def run(self):
+        """Run the TUI application."""
+        curses.wrapper(self._main_loop)
+
+    def _main_loop(self, stdscr):
+        """Main curses loop."""
+        # Configure curses
+        curses.curs_set(0)  # Hide cursor
+        stdscr.nodelay(True)  # Non-blocking input
+        stdscr.timeout(100)  # Refresh every 100ms
+
+        # Initialize colors
+        curses.start_color()
+        curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_CYAN, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_GREEN, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(3, curses.COLOR_YELLOW, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(4, curses.COLOR_RED, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(5, curses.COLOR_MAGENTA, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(6, curses.COLOR_WHITE, curses.COLOR_BLUE)
+        curses.init_pair(7, curses.COLOR_BLUE, curses.COLOR_BLACK)
+        curses.init_pair(8, curses.COLOR_WHITE, curses.COLOR_CYAN)
+
+        while True:
+            stdscr.clear()
+
+            try:
+                height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+                # Check minimum terminal size
+                if height < 25 or width < 80:
+                    msg = "Terminal too small!   Minimum: 80x25"
+                    stdscr.attron(curses.color_pair(4) | curses.A_BOLD)
+                    stdscr.addstr(
+                        height // 2, max(0, (width - len(msg)) // 2), msg[: width - 1]
+                    )
+                    stdscr.attroff(curses.color_pair(4) | curses.A_BOLD)
+                    stdscr.refresh()
+                    key = stdscr.getch()
+                    if key == ord("q") or key == ord("Q"):
+                        break
+                    continue
+
+                if self.current_screen == "selection":
+                    self._draw_selection_screen(stdscr)
+                elif self.current_screen == "monitoring":
+                    self._draw_monitoring_screen(stdscr)
+
+                stdscr.refresh()
+
+                # Handle input
+                key = stdscr.getch()
+                if key != -1:
+                    if not self._handle_input(key, stdscr):
+                        break  # Exit requested
+
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                break
+            except curses.error:
+                # Curses error - likely terminal too small, just continue
+                pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Show error briefly
+                height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+                error_msg = f"Error: {str(e)[: width - 10]}"
+                stdscr.addstr(0, 0, error_msg[: width - 1])
+                stdscr.refresh()
+                time.sleep(1)
+
+    def _draw_selection_screen(self, stdscr):
+        """Draw the cgroup selection screen."""
+        height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+        # Draw fancy header box
+        _draw_fancy_header(stdscr, "🐳 CONTAINER MONITOR", "Select a Cgroup to Monitor")
+
+        # Instructions
+        instructions = (
+            "↑↓: Navigate | ENTER: Select | w: Web Mode | q: Quit | r: Refresh"
+        )
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            3,
+            max(0, (width - len(instructions)) // 2),
+            instructions,
+            curses.color_pair(3),
+        )
+
+        # Get cgroups
+        cgroups = self.collector.get_all_cgroups()
+
+        if not cgroups:
+            msg = "No cgroups found. Waiting for activity..."
+            _safe_addstr(
+                stdscr,
+                height // 2,
+                max(0, (width - len(msg)) // 2),
+                msg,
+                curses.color_pair(4),
+            )
+            return
+
+        # Sort cgroups by name
+        cgroups.sort(key=lambda c: c.name)
+
+        # Adjust selection bounds
+        if self.selected_index >= len(cgroups):
+            self.selected_index = len(cgroups) - 1
+        if self.selected_index < 0:
+            self.selected_index = 0
+
+        # Calculate visible range
+        list_height = max(1, height - 8)
+        if self.selected_index < self.scroll_offset:
+            self.scroll_offset = self.selected_index
+        elif self.selected_index >= self.scroll_offset + list_height:
+            self.scroll_offset = self.selected_index - list_height + 1
+
+        # Calculate max name length and ID width for alignment
+        max_name_len = min(50, max(len(cg.name) for cg in cgroups))
+        max_id_len = max(len(str(cg.id)) for cg in cgroups)
+
+        # Draw cgroup list with fancy borders
+        start_y = 5
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, start_y, 2, "╔" + "═" * (width - 6) + "╗", curses.color_pair(1)
+        )
+
+        # Header row
+        header = f"   {'CGROUP NAME':<{max_name_len}} │ {'ID':>{max_id_len}} "
+        _safe_addstr(stdscr, start_y + 1, 2, "║", curses.color_pair(1))
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, start_y + 1, 3, header, curses.color_pair(1) | curses.A_BOLD
+        )
+        _safe_addstr(stdscr, start_y + 1, width - 3, "║", curses.color_pair(1))
+
+        # Separator
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, start_y + 2, 2, "╟" + "─" * (width - 6) + "╢", curses.color_pair(1)
+        )
+
+        for i in range(list_height):
+            idx = self.scroll_offset + i
+            y = start_y + 3 + i
+
+            if y >= height - 2:
+                break
+
+            _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, 2, "║", curses.color_pair(1))
+            _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, width - 3, "║", curses.color_pair(1))
+
+            if idx >= len(cgroups):
+                continue
+
+            cgroup = cgroups[idx]
+
+            # Truncate name if too long
+            display_name = (
+                cgroup.name
+                if len(cgroup.name) <= max_name_len
+                else cgroup.name[: max_name_len - 3] + "..."
+            )
+
+            if idx == self.selected_index:
+                # Highlight selected with proper alignment
+                line = f" ► {display_name:<{max_name_len}} │ {cgroup.id:>{max_id_len}} "
+                _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, 3, line, curses.color_pair(8) | curses.A_BOLD)
+            else:
+                line = f"   {display_name:<{max_name_len}} │ {cgroup.id:>{max_id_len}} "
+                _safe_addstr(stdscr, y, 3, line, curses.color_pair(7))
+
+        # Bottom border
+        bottom_y = min(start_y + 3 + list_height, height - 3)
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr, bottom_y, 2, "╚" + "═" * (width - 6) + "╝", curses.color_pair(1)
+        )
+
+        # Footer
+        footer = f"Total: {len(cgroups)} cgroups"
+        if len(cgroups) > list_height:
+            footer += f" │ Showing {self.scroll_offset + 1}-{min(self.scroll_offset + list_height, len(cgroups))}"
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            height - 2,
+            max(0, (width - len(footer)) // 2),
+            footer,
+            curses.color_pair(1),
+        )
+
+    def _draw_monitoring_screen(self, stdscr):
+        """Draw the monitoring screen for selected cgroup."""
+        height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+        if self.selected_cgroup is None:
+            return
+
+        # Get current stats
+        stats = self.collector.get_stats_for_cgroup(self.selected_cgroup)
+        history = self.collector.get_history(self.selected_cgroup)
+
+        # Draw fancy header
+        _draw_fancy_header(
+            stdscr, f"📊 {stats.cgroup_name[:40]}", "Live Performance Metrics"
+        )
+
+        # Instructions
+        instructions = "ESC/b: Back to List | w: Web Mode | q: Quit"
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            3,
+            max(0, (width - len(instructions)) // 2),
+            instructions,
+            curses.color_pair(3),
+        )
+
+        # Calculate metrics for rate display
+        rates = _calculate_rates(history)
+
+        y = 5
+
+        # Syscall count in a fancy box
+        if y + 4 < height:
+            _draw_metric_box(
+                stdscr,
+                y,
+                2,
+                min(width - 4, 80),
+                "⚡ SYSTEM CALLS",
+                f"{stats.syscall_count:,}",
+                f"Rate: {rates['syscalls_per_sec']:.1f}/sec",
+                curses.color_pair(5),
+            )
+        y += 4
+
+        # Network I/O Section
+        if y + 8 < height:
+            _draw_section_header(stdscr, y, "🌐 NETWORK I/O", 1)
+            y += 1
+
+            # RX graph
+            rx_label = f"RX: {_format_bytes(stats.rx_bytes)}"
+            rx_rate = f"{_format_bytes(rates['rx_bytes_per_sec'])}/s"
+            rx_pkts = f"{stats.rx_packets:,} pkts ({rates['rx_pkts_per_sec']:.1f}/s)"
+
+            _draw_labeled_graph(
+                stdscr,
+                y,
+                2,
+                width - 4,
+                4,
+                rx_label,
+                rx_rate,
+                rx_pkts,
+                [s.rx_bytes for s in history],
+                curses.color_pair(2),
+                "Received Traffic (last 100 samples)",
+            )
+            y += 6
+
+        # TX graph
+        if y + 8 < height:
+            tx_label = f"TX: {_format_bytes(stats.tx_bytes)}"
+            tx_rate = f"{_format_bytes(rates['tx_bytes_per_sec'])}/s"
+            tx_pkts = f"{stats.tx_packets:,} pkts ({rates['tx_pkts_per_sec']:.1f}/s)"
+
+            _draw_labeled_graph(
+                stdscr,
+                y,
+                2,
+                width - 4,
+                4,
+                tx_label,
+                tx_rate,
+                tx_pkts,
+                [s.tx_bytes for s in history],
+                curses.color_pair(3),
+                "Transmitted Traffic (last 100 samples)",
+            )
+            y += 6
+
+        # File I/O Section
+        if y + 8 < height:
+            _draw_section_header(stdscr, y, "💾 FILE I/O", 1)
+            y += 1
+
+            # Read graph
+            read_label = f"READ: {_format_bytes(stats.read_bytes)}"
+            read_rate = f"{_format_bytes(rates['read_bytes_per_sec'])}/s"
+            read_ops = f"{stats.read_ops:,} ops ({rates['read_ops_per_sec']:.1f}/s)"
+
+            _draw_labeled_graph(
+                stdscr,
+                y,
+                2,
+                width - 4,
+                4,
+                read_label,
+                read_rate,
+                read_ops,
+                [s.read_bytes for s in history],
+                curses.color_pair(4),
+                "Read Operations (last 100 samples)",
+            )
+            y += 6
+
+        # Write graph
+        if y + 8 < height:
+            write_label = f"WRITE: {_format_bytes(stats.write_bytes)}"
+            write_rate = f"{_format_bytes(rates['write_bytes_per_sec'])}/s"
+            write_ops = f"{stats.write_ops:,} ops ({rates['write_ops_per_sec']:.1f}/s)"
+
+            _draw_labeled_graph(
+                stdscr,
+                y,
+                2,
+                width - 4,
+                4,
+                write_label,
+                write_rate,
+                write_ops,
+                [s.write_bytes for s in history],
+                curses.color_pair(5),
+                "Write Operations (last 100 samples)",
+            )
+
+    def _launch_web_mode(self, stdscr):
+        """Launch web dashboard mode."""
+        height, width = stdscr.getmaxyx()
+
+        # Show transition message
+        stdscr.clear()
+
+        msg1 = "🌐 LAUNCHING WEB DASHBOARD"
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            height // 2 - 2,
+            max(0, (width - len(msg1)) // 2),
+            msg1,
+            curses.color_pair(6) | curses.A_BOLD,
+        )
+
+        msg2 = "Server starting at http://localhost:8050"
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            height // 2,
+            max(0, (width - len(msg2)) // 2),
+            msg2,
+            curses.color_pair(2),
+        )
+
+        msg3 = "Press 'q' to stop web server and return to TUI"
+        _safe_addstr(
+            stdscr,
+            height // 2 + 2,
+            max(0, (width - len(msg3)) // 2),
+            msg3,
+            curses.color_pair(3),
+        )
+
+        stdscr.refresh()
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+        try:
+            # Create and start web dashboard
+            self.web_dashboard = WebDashboard(
+                self.collector, selected_cgroup=self.selected_cgroup
+            )
+
+            # Start in background thread
+            self.web_thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=self.web_dashboard.run, daemon=True
+            )
+            self.web_thread.start()
+
+            time.sleep(2)  # Give server time to start
+
+            # Wait for user to press 'q' to return
+            msg4 = "Web dashboard running at http://localhost:8050"
+            msg5 = "Press 'q' to return to TUI"
+            _safe_addstr(
+                stdscr,
+                height // 2 + 4,
+                max(0, (width - len(msg4)) // 2),
+                msg4,
+                curses.color_pair(1) | curses.A_BOLD,
+            )
+            _safe_addstr(
+                stdscr,
+                height // 2 + 5,
+                max(0, (width - len(msg5)) // 2),
+                msg5,
+                curses.color_pair(3) | curses.A_BOLD,
+            )
+            stdscr.refresh()
+
+            stdscr.nodelay(False)  # Blocking mode
+            while True:
+                key = stdscr.getch()
+                if key == ord("q") or key == ord("Q"):
+                    break
+
+            # Stop web server
+            if self.web_dashboard:
+                self.web_dashboard.stop()
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_msg = f"Error starting web dashboard: {str(e)}"
+            _safe_addstr(
+                stdscr,
+                height // 2 + 4,
+                max(0, (width - len(error_msg)) // 2),
+                error_msg,
+                curses.color_pair(4),
+            )
+            stdscr.refresh()
+            time.sleep(3)
+
+        # Restore TUI settings
+        stdscr.nodelay(True)
+        stdscr.timeout(100)
+
+    def _handle_input(self, key: int, stdscr) -> bool:
+        """Handle keyboard input. Returns False to exit."""
+        if key == ord("q") or key == ord("Q"):
+            return False  # Exit
+
+        if key == ord("w") or key == ord("W"):
+            # Launch web mode
+            self._launch_web_mode(stdscr)
+            return True
+
+        if self.current_screen == "selection":
+            if key == curses.KEY_UP:
+                self.selected_index = max(0, self.selected_index - 1)
+            elif key == curses.KEY_DOWN:
+                cgroups = self.collector.get_all_cgroups()
+                self.selected_index = min(len(cgroups) - 1, self.selected_index + 1)
+            elif key == ord("\n") or key == curses.KEY_ENTER or key == 10:
+                # Select cgroup
+                cgroups = self.collector.get_all_cgroups()
+                if cgroups and 0 <= self.selected_index < len(cgroups):
+                    cgroups.sort(key=lambda c: c.name)
+                    self.selected_cgroup = cgroups[self.selected_index].id
+                    self.current_screen = "monitoring"
+            elif key == ord("r") or key == ord("R"):
+                # Force refresh cache
+                self.collector._cgroup_cache_time = 0
+
+        elif self.current_screen == "monitoring":
+            if key == 27 or key == ord("b") or key == ord("B"):  # ESC or 'b'
+                self.current_screen = "selection"
+                self.selected_cgroup = None
+
+        return True  # Continue running

BCC-Examples/container-monitor/web_dashboard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+"""Beautiful web dashboard for container monitoring using Plotly Dash."""
+
+import dash
+from dash import dcc, html
+from dash.dependencies import Input, Output
+import plotly.graph_objects as go
+from plotly.subplots import make_subplots
+from typing import Optional
+from data_collection import ContainerDataCollector
+
+
+class WebDashboard:
+    """Beautiful web dashboard for container monitoring."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        collector: ContainerDataCollector,
+        selected_cgroup: Optional[int] = None,
+        host: str = "0.0.0.0",
+        port: int = 8050,
+    ):
+        self.collector = collector
+        self.selected_cgroup = selected_cgroup
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+
+        # Suppress Dash dev tools and debug output
+        self.app = dash.Dash(
+            __name__,
+            title="pythonBPF Container Monitor",
+            suppress_callback_exceptions=True,
+        )
+
+        self._setup_layout()
+        self._setup_callbacks()
+        self._running = False
+
+    def _setup_layout(self):
+        """Create the dashboard layout."""
+        self.app.layout = html.Div(
+            [
+                # Futuristic Header with pythonBPF branding
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        html.Div(
+                            [
+                                html.Div(
+                                    [
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            "python",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontSize": "52px",
+                                                "fontWeight": "300",
+                                                "color": "#00ff88",
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "textShadow": "0 0 20px rgba(0,255,136,0.5)",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            "BPF",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontSize": "52px",
+                                                "fontWeight": "900",
+                                                "color": "#00d4ff",
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "textShadow": "0 0 20px rgba(0,212,255,0.5)",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                    ],
+                                    style={"marginBottom": "5px"},
+                                ),
+                                html.Div(
+                                    "CONTAINER PERFORMANCE MONITOR",
+                                    style={
+                                        "fontSize": "16px",
+                                        "letterSpacing": "8px",
+                                        "color": "#8899ff",
+                                        "fontWeight": "300",
+                                        "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                            style={
+                                "textAlign": "center",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                        html.Div(
+                            id="cgroup-name",
+                            style={
+                                "textAlign": "center",
+                                "color": "#00ff88",
+                                "fontSize": "20px",
+                                "marginTop": "15px",
+                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                "textShadow": "0 0 10px rgba(0,255,136,0.3)",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    style={
+                        "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 50%, #0a0e27 100%)",
+                        "padding": "40px 20px",
+                        "borderRadius": "0",
+                        "marginBottom": "0",
+                        "boxShadow": "0 10px 40px rgba(0,212,255,0.2)",
+                        "border": "1px solid rgba(0,212,255,0.3)",
+                        "borderTop": "3px solid #00d4ff",
+                        "borderBottom": "3px solid #00ff88",
+                        "position": "relative",
+                        "overflow": "hidden",
+                    },
+                ),
+                # Cgroup selector (if no cgroup selected)
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        html.Label(
+                            "SELECT CGROUP:",
+                            style={
+                                "fontSize": "14px",
+                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                "color": "#00d4ff",
+                                "marginRight": "15px",
+                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                "letterSpacing": "2px",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                        dcc.Dropdown(
+                            id="cgroup-selector",
+                            style={
+                                "width": "600px",
+                                "display": "inline-block",
+                                "background": "#1a1f3a",
+                                "border": "1px solid #00d4ff",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    id="selector-container",
+                    style={
+                        "textAlign": "center",
+                        "marginTop": "30px",
+                        "marginBottom": "30px",
+                        "padding": "20px",
+                        "background": "rgba(26,31,58,0.5)",
+                        "borderRadius": "10px",
+                        "border": "1px solid rgba(0,212,255,0.2)",
+                        "display": "block" if self.selected_cgroup is None else "none",
+                    },
+                ),
+                # Stats cards row
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        self._create_stat_card(
+                            "syscall-card", "⚡ SYSCALLS", "#00ff88"
+                        ),
+                        self._create_stat_card("network-card", "🌐 NETWORK", "#00d4ff"),
+                        self._create_stat_card("file-card", "💾 FILE I/O", "#ff0088"),
+                    ],
+                    style={
+                        "display": "flex",
+                        "justifyContent": "space-around",
+                        "marginBottom": "30px",
+                        "marginTop": "30px",
+                        "gap": "25px",
+                        "flexWrap": "wrap",
+                        "padding": "0 20px",
+                    },
+                ),
+                # Graphs container
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        # Network graphs
+                        html.Div(
+                            [
+                                html.Div(
+                                    [
+                                        html.Span("🌐 ", style={"fontSize": "24px"}),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            "NETWORK",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            " I/O",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "color": "#00d4ff",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                    ],
+                                    style={
+                                        "color": "#ffffff",
+                                        "fontSize": "20px",
+                                        "borderBottom": "2px solid #00d4ff",
+                                        "paddingBottom": "15px",
+                                        "marginBottom": "25px",
+                                        "textShadow": "0 0 10px rgba(0,212,255,0.3)",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                                dcc.Graph(
+                                    id="network-graph", style={"height": "400px"}
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                            style={
+                                "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 100%)",
+                                "padding": "30px",
+                                "borderRadius": "15px",
+                                "boxShadow": "0 8px 32px rgba(0,212,255,0.15)",
+                                "marginBottom": "30px",
+                                "border": "1px solid rgba(0,212,255,0.2)",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                        # File I/O graphs
+                        html.Div(
+                            [
+                                html.Div(
+                                    [
+                                        html.Span("💾 ", style={"fontSize": "24px"}),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            "FILE",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            " I/O",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "color": "#ff0088",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                    ],
+                                    style={
+                                        "color": "#ffffff",
+                                        "fontSize": "20px",
+                                        "borderBottom": "2px solid #ff0088",
+                                        "paddingBottom": "15px",
+                                        "marginBottom": "25px",
+                                        "textShadow": "0 0 10px rgba(255,0,136,0.3)",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                                dcc.Graph(
+                                    id="file-io-graph", style={"height": "400px"}
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                            style={
+                                "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 100%)",
+                                "padding": "30px",
+                                "borderRadius": "15px",
+                                "boxShadow": "0 8px 32px rgba(255,0,136,0.15)",
+                                "marginBottom": "30px",
+                                "border": "1px solid rgba(255,0,136,0.2)",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                        # Combined time series
+                        html.Div(
+                            [
+                                html.Div(
+                                    [
+                                        html.Span("📈 ", style={"fontSize": "24px"}),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            "REAL-TIME",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                        html.Span(
+                                            " METRICS",
+                                            style={
+                                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                                "letterSpacing": "3px",
+                                                "color": "#00ff88",
+                                            },
+                                        ),
+                                    ],
+                                    style={
+                                        "color": "#ffffff",
+                                        "fontSize": "20px",
+                                        "borderBottom": "2px solid #00ff88",
+                                        "paddingBottom": "15px",
+                                        "marginBottom": "25px",
+                                        "textShadow": "0 0 10px rgba(0,255,136,0.3)",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                                dcc.Graph(
+                                    id="timeseries-graph", style={"height": "500px"}
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                            style={
+                                "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 100%)",
+                                "padding": "30px",
+                                "borderRadius": "15px",
+                                "boxShadow": "0 8px 32px rgba(0,255,136,0.15)",
+                                "border": "1px solid rgba(0,255,136,0.2)",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                    style={"padding": "0 20px"},
+                ),
+                # Footer with pythonBPF branding
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        html.Div(
+                            [
+                                html.Span(
+                                    "Powered by ",
+                                    style={"color": "#8899ff", "fontSize": "12px"},
+                                ),
+                                html.Span(
+                                    "pythonBPF",
+                                    style={
+                                        "color": "#00d4ff",
+                                        "fontSize": "14px",
+                                        "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                        "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                                html.Span(
+                                    " | eBPF Container Monitoring",
+                                    style={
+                                        "color": "#8899ff",
+                                        "fontSize": "12px",
+                                        "marginLeft": "10px",
+                                    },
+                                ),
+                            ]
+                        )
+                    ],
+                    style={
+                        "textAlign": "center",
+                        "padding": "20px",
+                        "marginTop": "40px",
+                        "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 100%)",
+                        "borderTop": "1px solid rgba(0,212,255,0.2)",
+                    },
+                ),
+                # Auto-update interval
+                dcc.Interval(id="interval-component", interval=1000, n_intervals=0),
+            ],
+            style={
+                "padding": "0",
+                "fontFamily": "'Segoe UI', 'Courier New', monospace",
+                "background": "linear-gradient(to bottom, #050813 0%, #0a0e27 100%)",
+                "minHeight": "100vh",
+                "margin": "0",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def _create_stat_card(self, card_id: str, title: str, color: str):
+        """Create a statistics card with futuristic styling."""
+        return html.Div(
+            [
+                html.H3(
+                    title,
+                    style={
+                        "color": color,
+                        "fontSize": "16px",
+                        "marginBottom": "20px",
+                        "fontWeight": "bold",
+                        "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                        "letterSpacing": "2px",
+                        "textShadow": f"0 0 10px {color}50",
+                    },
+                ),
+                html.Div(
+                    [
+                        html.Div(
+                            id=f"{card_id}-value",
+                            style={
+                                "fontSize": "42px",
+                                "fontWeight": "bold",
+                                "color": "#ffffff",
+                                "marginBottom": "10px",
+                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                                "textShadow": f"0 0 20px {color}40",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                        html.Div(
+                            id=f"{card_id}-rate",
+                            style={
+                                "fontSize": "14px",
+                                "color": "#8899ff",
+                                "fontFamily": "'Courier New', monospace",
+                            },
+                        ),
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ],
+            style={
+                "flex": "1",
+                "minWidth": "280px",
+                "background": "linear-gradient(135deg, #0a0e27 0%, #1a1f3a 100%)",
+                "padding": "30px",
+                "borderRadius": "15px",
+                "boxShadow": f"0 8px 32px {color}20",
+                "border": f"1px solid {color}40",
+                "borderLeft": f"4px solid {color}",
+                "transition": "transform 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s",
+                "position": "relative",
+                "overflow": "hidden",
+            },
+        )
+
+    def _setup_callbacks(self):
+        """Setup dashboard callbacks."""
+
+        @self.app.callback(
+            [Output("cgroup-selector", "options"), Output("cgroup-selector", "value")],
+            [Input("interval-component", "n_intervals")],
+        )
+        def update_cgroup_selector(n):
+            if self.selected_cgroup is not None:
+                return [], self.selected_cgroup
+
+            cgroups = self.collector.get_all_cgroups()
+            options = [
+                {"label": f"{cg.name} (ID: {cg.id})", "value": cg.id}
+                for cg in sorted(cgroups, key=lambda c: c.name)
+            ]
+            value = options[0]["value"] if options else None
+
+            if value and self.selected_cgroup is None:
+                self.selected_cgroup = value
+
+            return options, self.selected_cgroup
+
+        @self.app.callback(
+            Output("cgroup-selector", "value", allow_duplicate=True),
+            [Input("cgroup-selector", "value")],
+            prevent_initial_call=True,
+        )
+        def select_cgroup(value):
+            if value:
+                self.selected_cgroup = value
+            return value
+
+        @self.app.callback(
+            [
+                Output("cgroup-name", "children"),
+                Output("syscall-card-value", "children"),
+                Output("syscall-card-rate", "children"),
+                Output("network-card-value", "children"),
+                Output("network-card-rate", "children"),
+                Output("file-card-value", "children"),
+                Output("file-card-rate", "children"),
+                Output("network-graph", "figure"),
+                Output("file-io-graph", "figure"),
+                Output("timeseries-graph", "figure"),
+            ],
+            [Input("interval-component", "n_intervals")],
+        )
+        def update_dashboard(n):
+            if self.selected_cgroup is None:
+                empty_fig = self._create_empty_figure(
+                    "Select a cgroup to begin monitoring"
+                )
+                return (
+                    "SELECT A CGROUP TO START",
+                    "0",
+                    "",
+                    "0 B",
+                    "",
+                    "0 B",
+                    "",
+                    empty_fig,
+                    empty_fig,
+                    empty_fig,
+                )
+
+            try:
+                stats = self.collector.get_stats_for_cgroup(self.selected_cgroup)
+                history = self.collector.get_history(self.selected_cgroup)
+                rates = self._calculate_rates(history)
+
+                return (
+                    f"► {stats.cgroup_name}",
+                    f"{stats.syscall_count:,}",
+                    f"{rates['syscalls_per_sec']:.1f} calls/sec",
+                    f"{self._format_bytes(stats.rx_bytes + stats.tx_bytes)}",
+                    f"↓ {self._format_bytes(rates['rx_bytes_per_sec'])}/s  ↑ {self._format_bytes(rates['tx_bytes_per_sec'])}/s",
+                    f"{self._format_bytes(stats.read_bytes + stats.write_bytes)}",
+                    f"R: {self._format_bytes(rates['read_bytes_per_sec'])}/s  W: {self._format_bytes(rates['write_bytes_per_sec'])}/s",
+                    self._create_network_graph(history),
+                    self._create_file_io_graph(history),
+                    self._create_timeseries_graph(history),
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                empty_fig = self._create_empty_figure(f"Error: {str(e)}")
+                return (
+                    "ERROR",
+                    "0",
+                    str(e),
+                    "0 B",
+                    "",
+                    "0 B",
+                    "",
+                    empty_fig,
+                    empty_fig,
+                    empty_fig,
+                )
+
+    def _create_empty_figure(self, message: str):
+        """Create an empty figure with a message."""
+        fig = go.Figure()
+        fig.update_layout(
+            title=message,
+            template="plotly_dark",
+            paper_bgcolor="#0a0e27",
+            plot_bgcolor="#0a0e27",
+            font=dict(color="#8899ff", family="Courier New, monospace"),
+        )
+        return fig
+
+    def _create_network_graph(self, history):
+        """Create network I/O graph with futuristic styling."""
+        if len(history) < 2:
+            return self._create_empty_figure("Collecting data...")
+
+        times = [i for i in range(len(history))]
+        rx_bytes = [s.rx_bytes for s in history]
+        tx_bytes = [s.tx_bytes for s in history]
+
+        fig = make_subplots(
+            rows=2,
+            cols=1,
+            subplot_titles=("RECEIVED (RX)", "TRANSMITTED (TX)"),
+            vertical_spacing=0.15,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=rx_bytes,
+                mode="lines",
+                name="RX",
+                fill="tozeroy",
+                line=dict(color="#00d4ff", width=3, shape="spline"),
+                fillcolor="rgba(0, 212, 255, 0.2)",
+            ),
+            row=1,
+            col=1,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=tx_bytes,
+                mode="lines",
+                name="TX",
+                fill="tozeroy",
+                line=dict(color="#00ff88", width=3, shape="spline"),
+                fillcolor="rgba(0, 255, 136, 0.2)",
+            ),
+            row=2,
+            col=1,
+        )
+
+        fig.update_xaxes(title_text="Time (samples)", row=2, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(title_text="Bytes", row=1, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(title_text="Bytes", row=2, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+
+        fig.update_layout(
+            height=400,
+            template="plotly_dark",
+            paper_bgcolor="rgba(0,0,0,0)",
+            plot_bgcolor="#0a0e27",
+            showlegend=False,
+            hovermode="x unified",
+            font=dict(family="Courier New, monospace", color="#8899ff"),
+        )
+
+        return fig
+
+    def _create_file_io_graph(self, history):
+        """Create file I/O graph with futuristic styling."""
+        if len(history) < 2:
+            return self._create_empty_figure("Collecting data...")
+
+        times = [i for i in range(len(history))]
+        read_bytes = [s.read_bytes for s in history]
+        write_bytes = [s.write_bytes for s in history]
+
+        fig = make_subplots(
+            rows=2,
+            cols=1,
+            subplot_titles=("READ OPERATIONS", "WRITE OPERATIONS"),
+            vertical_spacing=0.15,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=read_bytes,
+                mode="lines",
+                name="Read",
+                fill="tozeroy",
+                line=dict(color="#ff0088", width=3, shape="spline"),
+                fillcolor="rgba(255, 0, 136, 0.2)",
+            ),
+            row=1,
+            col=1,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=write_bytes,
+                mode="lines",
+                name="Write",
+                fill="tozeroy",
+                line=dict(color="#8844ff", width=3, shape="spline"),
+                fillcolor="rgba(136, 68, 255, 0.2)",
+            ),
+            row=2,
+            col=1,
+        )
+
+        fig.update_xaxes(title_text="Time (samples)", row=2, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(title_text="Bytes", row=1, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(title_text="Bytes", row=2, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+
+        fig.update_layout(
+            height=400,
+            template="plotly_dark",
+            paper_bgcolor="rgba(0,0,0,0)",
+            plot_bgcolor="#0a0e27",
+            showlegend=False,
+            hovermode="x unified",
+            font=dict(family="Courier New, monospace", color="#8899ff"),
+        )
+
+        return fig
+
+    def _create_timeseries_graph(self, history):
+        """Create combined time series graph with futuristic styling."""
+        if len(history) < 2:
+            return self._create_empty_figure("Collecting data...")
+
+        times = [i for i in range(len(history))]
+
+        fig = make_subplots(
+            rows=3,
+            cols=1,
+            subplot_titles=(
+                "SYSTEM CALLS",
+                "NETWORK TRAFFIC (Bytes)",
+                "FILE I/O (Bytes)",
+            ),
+            vertical_spacing=0.1,
+            specs=[
+                [{"secondary_y": False}],
+                [{"secondary_y": True}],
+                [{"secondary_y": True}],
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # Syscalls
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=[s.syscall_count for s in history],
+                mode="lines",
+                name="Syscalls",
+                line=dict(color="#00ff88", width=3, shape="spline"),
+            ),
+            row=1,
+            col=1,
+        )
+
+        # Network
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=[s.rx_bytes for s in history],
+                mode="lines",
+                name="RX",
+                line=dict(color="#00d4ff", width=2, shape="spline"),
+            ),
+            row=2,
+            col=1,
+            secondary_y=False,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=[s.tx_bytes for s in history],
+                mode="lines",
+                name="TX",
+                line=dict(color="#00ff88", width=2, shape="spline", dash="dot"),
+            ),
+            row=2,
+            col=1,
+            secondary_y=True,
+        )
+
+        # File I/O
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=[s.read_bytes for s in history],
+                mode="lines",
+                name="Read",
+                line=dict(color="#ff0088", width=2, shape="spline"),
+            ),
+            row=3,
+            col=1,
+            secondary_y=False,
+        )
+
+        fig.add_trace(
+            go.Scatter(
+                x=times,
+                y=[s.write_bytes for s in history],
+                mode="lines",
+                name="Write",
+                line=dict(color="#8844ff", width=2, shape="spline", dash="dot"),
+            ),
+            row=3,
+            col=1,
+            secondary_y=True,
+        )
+
+        fig.update_xaxes(title_text="Time (samples)", row=3, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(title_text="Count", row=1, col=1, color="#8899ff")
+        fig.update_yaxes(
+            title_text="RX Bytes", row=2, col=1, secondary_y=False, color="#00d4ff"
+        )
+        fig.update_yaxes(
+            title_text="TX Bytes", row=2, col=1, secondary_y=True, color="#00ff88"
+        )
+        fig.update_yaxes(
+            title_text="Read Bytes", row=3, col=1, secondary_y=False, color="#ff0088"
+        )
+        fig.update_yaxes(
+            title_text="Write Bytes", row=3, col=1, secondary_y=True, color="#8844ff"
+        )
+
+        fig.update_layout(
+            height=500,
+            template="plotly_dark",
+            paper_bgcolor="rgba(0,0,0,0)",
+            plot_bgcolor="#0a0e27",
+            hovermode="x unified",
+            showlegend=True,
+            legend=dict(
+                orientation="h",
+                yanchor="bottom",
+                y=1.02,
+                xanchor="right",
+                x=1,
+                font=dict(color="#8899ff"),
+            ),
+            font=dict(family="Courier New, monospace", color="#8899ff"),
+        )
+
+        return fig
+
+    def _calculate_rates(self, history):
+        """Calculate rates from history."""
+        if len(history) < 2:
+            return {
+                "syscalls_per_sec": 0.0,
+                "rx_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+                "tx_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+                "read_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+                "write_bytes_per_sec": 0.0,
+            }
+
+        recent = history[-1]
+        previous = history[-2]
+        time_delta = recent.timestamp - previous.timestamp
+
+        if time_delta <= 0:
+            time_delta = 1.0
+
+        return {
+            "syscalls_per_sec": max(
+                0, (recent.syscall_count - previous.syscall_count) / time_delta
+            ),
+            "rx_bytes_per_sec": max(
+                0, (recent.rx_bytes - previous.rx_bytes) / time_delta
+            ),
+            "tx_bytes_per_sec": max(
+                0, (recent.tx_bytes - previous.tx_bytes) / time_delta
+            ),
+            "read_bytes_per_sec": max(
+                0, (recent.read_bytes - previous.read_bytes) / time_delta
+            ),
+            "write_bytes_per_sec": max(
+                0, (recent.write_bytes - previous.write_bytes) / time_delta
+            ),
+        }
+
+    def _format_bytes(self, bytes_val: float) -> str:
+        """Format bytes into human-readable string."""
+        if bytes_val < 0:
+            bytes_val = 0
+        for unit in ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"]:
+            if bytes_val < 1024.0:
+                return f"{bytes_val:.2f} {unit}"
+            bytes_val /= 1024.0
+        return f"{bytes_val:.2f} PB"
+
+    def run(self):
+        """Run the web dashboard."""
+        self._running = True
+        # Suppress Werkzeug logging
+        import logging
+
+        log = logging.getLogger("werkzeug")
+        log.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+
+        self.app.run(debug=False, host=self.host, port=self.port, use_reloader=False)
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop the web dashboard."""
+        self._running = False

pythonbpf/expr/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from .expr_pass import eval_expr, handle_expr, get_operand_value
 from .type_normalization import convert_to_bool, get_base_type_and_depth
-from .ir_ops import deref_to_depth
+from .ir_ops import deref_to_depth, access_struct_field
 from .call_registry import CallHandlerRegistry
 from .vmlinux_registry import VmlinuxHandlerRegistry
 
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "convert_to_bool",
     "get_base_type_and_depth",
     "deref_to_depth",
+    "access_struct_field",
     "get_operand_value",
     "CallHandlerRegistry",
     "VmlinuxHandlerRegistry",

pythonbpf/expr/expr_pass.py

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ from typing import Dict
 
 from pythonbpf.type_deducer import ctypes_to_ir, is_ctypes
 from .call_registry import CallHandlerRegistry
+from .ir_ops import deref_to_depth, access_struct_field
 from .type_normalization import (
     convert_to_bool,
     handle_comparator,
     get_base_type_and_depth,
-    deref_to_depth,
 )
 from .vmlinux_registry import VmlinuxHandlerRegistry
 from ..vmlinux_parser.dependency_node import Field
@@ -77,89 +77,6 @@ def _handle_attribute_expr(
             logger.info(
                 f"Variable type: {var_type}, Variable ptr: {var_ptr}, Variable Metadata: {var_metadata}"
             )
-            # Check if this is a pointer to a struct (from map lookup)
-            if (
-                isinstance(var_type, ir.PointerType)
-                and var_metadata
-                and isinstance(var_metadata, str)
-            ):
-                if var_metadata in structs_sym_tab:
-                    logger.info(
-                        f"Handling pointer to struct {var_metadata} from map lookup"
-                    )
-
-                    if func is None:
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            f"func parameter required for null-safe pointer access to {var_name}.{attr_name}"
-                        )
-
-                    # Load the pointer value (ptr<struct>)
-                    struct_ptr = builder.load(var_ptr)
-
-                    # Create blocks for null check
-                    null_check_block = builder.block
-                    not_null_block = func.append_basic_block(
-                        name=f"{var_name}_not_null"
-                    )
-                    merge_block = func.append_basic_block(name=f"{var_name}_merge")
-
-                    # Check if pointer is null
-                    null_ptr = ir.Constant(struct_ptr.type, None)
-                    is_not_null = builder.icmp_signed("!=", struct_ptr, null_ptr)
-                    logger.info(f"Inserted null check for pointer {var_name}")
-
-                    builder.cbranch(is_not_null, not_null_block, merge_block)
-
-                    # Not-null block: Access the field
-                    builder.position_at_end(not_null_block)
-
-                    # Get struct metadata
-                    metadata = structs_sym_tab[var_metadata]
-                    struct_ptr = builder.bitcast(
-                        struct_ptr, metadata.ir_type.as_pointer()
-                    )
-
-                    if attr_name not in metadata.fields:
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            f"Field '{attr_name}' not found in struct '{var_metadata}'"
-                        )
-
-                    # GEP to field
-                    field_gep = metadata.gep(builder, struct_ptr, attr_name)
-
-                    # Load field value
-                    field_val = builder.load(field_gep)
-                    field_type = metadata.field_type(attr_name)
-
-                    logger.info(
-                        f"Loaded field {attr_name} from struct pointer, type: {field_type}"
-                    )
-
-                    # Branch to merge
-                    not_null_after_load = builder.block
-                    builder.branch(merge_block)
-
-                    # Merge block: PHI node for the result
-                    builder.position_at_end(merge_block)
-                    phi = builder.phi(field_type, name=f"{var_name}_{attr_name}")
-
-                    # If null, return zero/default value
-                    if isinstance(field_type, ir.IntType):
-                        zero_value = ir.Constant(field_type, 0)
-                    elif isinstance(field_type, ir.PointerType):
-                        zero_value = ir.Constant(field_type, None)
-                    elif isinstance(field_type, ir.ArrayType):
-                        # For arrays, we can't easily create a zero constant
-                        # This case is tricky - for now, just use undef
-                        zero_value = ir.Constant(field_type, ir.Undefined)
-                    else:
-                        zero_value = ir.Constant(field_type, ir.Undefined)
-
-                    phi.add_incoming(zero_value, null_check_block)
-                    phi.add_incoming(field_val, not_null_after_load)
-
-                    logger.info(f"Created PHI node for {var_name}.{attr_name}")
-                    return phi, field_type
             if (
                 hasattr(var_metadata, "__module__")
                 and var_metadata.__module__ == "vmlinux"
@@ -180,13 +97,23 @@ def _handle_attribute_expr(
                 )
                 return None
 
-            # Regular user-defined struct
-            metadata = structs_sym_tab.get(var_metadata)
-            if metadata and attr_name in metadata.fields:
-                gep = metadata.gep(builder, var_ptr, attr_name)
-                val = builder.load(gep)
-                field_type = metadata.field_type(attr_name)
-                return val, field_type
+            if var_metadata in structs_sym_tab:
+                return access_struct_field(
+                    builder,
+                    var_ptr,
+                    var_type,
+                    var_metadata,
+                    expr.attr,
+                    structs_sym_tab,
+                    func,
+                )
+            else:
+                logger.error(f"Struct metadata for '{var_name}' not found")
+        else:
+            logger.error(f"Undefined variable '{var_name}' for attribute access")
+    else:
+        logger.error("Unsupported attribute base expression type")
+
     return None
 
 

pythonbpf/expr/ir_ops.py

@@ -17,41 +17,100 @@ def deref_to_depth(func, builder, val, target_depth):
 
         # dereference with null check
         pointee_type = cur_type.pointee
-        null_check_block = builder.block
-        not_null_block = func.append_basic_block(name=f"deref_not_null_{depth}")
-        merge_block = func.append_basic_block(name=f"deref_merge_{depth}")
 
-        null_ptr = ir.Constant(cur_type, None)
-        is_not_null = builder.icmp_signed("!=", cur_val, null_ptr)
-        logger.debug(f"Inserted null check for pointer at depth {depth}")
+        def load_op(builder, ptr):
+            return builder.load(ptr)
 
-        builder.cbranch(is_not_null, not_null_block, merge_block)
-
-        builder.position_at_end(not_null_block)
-        dereferenced_val = builder.load(cur_val)
-        logger.debug(f"Dereferenced to depth {depth - 1}, type: {pointee_type}")
-        builder.branch(merge_block)
-
-        builder.position_at_end(merge_block)
-        phi = builder.phi(pointee_type, name=f"deref_result_{depth}")
-
-        zero_value = (
-            ir.Constant(pointee_type, 0)
-            if isinstance(pointee_type, ir.IntType)
-            else ir.Constant(pointee_type, None)
+        cur_val = _null_checked_operation(
+            func, builder, cur_val, load_op, pointee_type, f"deref_{depth}"
         )
-        phi.add_incoming(zero_value, null_check_block)
-
-        phi.add_incoming(dereferenced_val, not_null_block)
-
-        # Continue with phi result
-        cur_val = phi
         cur_type = pointee_type
+        logger.debug(f"Dereferenced to depth {depth}, type: {pointee_type}")
     return cur_val
 
 
-def deref_struct_ptr(
-    func, builder, struct_ptr, struct_metadata, field_name, structs_sym_tab
+def _null_checked_operation(func, builder, ptr, operation, result_type, name_prefix):
+    """
+    Generic null-checked operation on a pointer.
+    """
+    curr_block = builder.block
+    not_null_block = func.append_basic_block(name=f"{name_prefix}_not_null")
+    merge_block = func.append_basic_block(name=f"{name_prefix}_merge")
+
+    null_ptr = ir.Constant(ptr.type, None)
+    is_not_null = builder.icmp_signed("!=", ptr, null_ptr)
+    builder.cbranch(is_not_null, not_null_block, merge_block)
+
+    builder.position_at_end(not_null_block)
+    result = operation(builder, ptr)
+    not_null_after = builder.block
+    builder.branch(merge_block)
+
+    builder.position_at_end(merge_block)
+    phi = builder.phi(result_type, name=f"{name_prefix}_result")
+
+    if isinstance(result_type, ir.IntType):
+        null_val = ir.Constant(result_type, 0)
+    elif isinstance(result_type, ir.PointerType):
+        null_val = ir.Constant(result_type, None)
+    else:
+        null_val = ir.Constant(result_type, ir.Undefined)
+
+    phi.add_incoming(null_val, curr_block)
+    phi.add_incoming(result, not_null_after)
+
+    return phi
+
+
+def access_struct_field(
+    builder, var_ptr, var_type, var_metadata, field_name, structs_sym_tab, func=None
 ):
-    """Dereference a pointer to a struct type."""
-    return deref_to_depth(func, builder, struct_ptr, 1)
+    """
+    Access a struct field - automatically returns value or pointer based on field type.
+    """
+    metadata = (
+        structs_sym_tab.get(var_metadata)
+        if isinstance(var_metadata, str)
+        else var_metadata
+    )
+    if not metadata or field_name not in metadata.fields:
+        raise ValueError(f"Field '{field_name}' not found in struct")
+
+    field_type = metadata.field_type(field_name)
+    is_ptr_to_struct = isinstance(var_type, ir.PointerType) and isinstance(
+        var_metadata, str
+    )
+
+    # Get struct pointer
+    struct_ptr = builder.load(var_ptr) if is_ptr_to_struct else var_ptr
+
+    should_load = not isinstance(field_type, ir.ArrayType)
+
+    def field_access_op(builder, ptr):
+        typed_ptr = builder.bitcast(ptr, metadata.ir_type.as_pointer())
+        field_ptr = metadata.gep(builder, typed_ptr, field_name)
+        return builder.load(field_ptr) if should_load else field_ptr
+
+    # Handle null check for pointer-to-struct
+    if is_ptr_to_struct:
+        if func is None:
+            raise ValueError("func required for null-safe struct pointer access")
+
+        if should_load:
+            result_type = field_type
+        else:
+            result_type = field_type.as_pointer()
+
+        result = _null_checked_operation(
+            func,
+            builder,
+            struct_ptr,
+            field_access_op,
+            result_type,
+            f"field_{field_name}",
+        )
+        return result, field_type
+
+    field_ptr = metadata.gep(builder, struct_ptr, field_name)
+    result = builder.load(field_ptr) if should_load else field_ptr
+    return result, field_type

pythonbpf/helper/helper_utils.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from llvmlite import ir
 from pythonbpf.expr import (
     get_operand_value,
     eval_expr,
+    access_struct_field,
 )
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ def get_or_create_ptr_from_arg(
             and field_type.element.width == 8
         ):
             ptr, sz = get_char_array_ptr_and_size(
-                arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab
+                arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab, func
             )
             if not ptr:
                 raise ValueError("Failed to get char array pointer from struct field")
@@ -266,7 +267,9 @@ def get_buffer_ptr_and_size(buf_arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab):
         )
 
 
-def get_char_array_ptr_and_size(buf_arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab):
+def get_char_array_ptr_and_size(
+    buf_arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab, func=None
+):
     """Get pointer to char array and its size."""
 
     # Struct field: obj.field
@@ -277,11 +280,11 @@ def get_char_array_ptr_and_size(buf_arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab)
         if not (local_sym_tab and var_name in local_sym_tab):
             raise ValueError(f"Variable '{var_name}' not found")
 
-        struct_type = local_sym_tab[var_name].metadata
-        if not (struct_sym_tab and struct_type in struct_sym_tab):
-            raise ValueError(f"Struct type '{struct_type}' not found")
+        struct_ptr, struct_type, struct_metadata = local_sym_tab[var_name]
+        if not (struct_sym_tab and struct_metadata in struct_sym_tab):
+            raise ValueError(f"Struct type '{struct_metadata}' not found")
 
-        struct_info = struct_sym_tab[struct_type]
+        struct_info = struct_sym_tab[struct_metadata]
         if field_name not in struct_info.fields:
             raise ValueError(f"Field '{field_name}' not found")
 
@@ -292,8 +295,24 @@ def get_char_array_ptr_and_size(buf_arg, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab)
             )
             return None, 0
 
-        struct_ptr = local_sym_tab[var_name].var
-        field_ptr = struct_info.gep(builder, struct_ptr, field_name)
+        # Check if char array
+        if not (
+            isinstance(field_type, ir.ArrayType)
+            and isinstance(field_type.element, ir.IntType)
+            and field_type.element.width == 8
+        ):
+            logger.warning("Field is not a char array")
+            return None, 0
+
+        field_ptr, _ = access_struct_field(
+            builder,
+            struct_ptr,
+            struct_type,
+            struct_metadata,
+            field_name,
+            struct_sym_tab,
+            func,
+        )
 
         # GEP to first element: [N x i8]* -> i8*
         buf_ptr = builder.gep(

pythonbpf/helper/printk_formatter.py

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ def _prepare_expr_args(expr, func, module, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_ta
     # Special case: struct field char array needs pointer to first element
     if isinstance(expr, ast.Attribute):
         char_array_ptr, _ = get_char_array_ptr_and_size(
-            expr, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab
+            expr, builder, local_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab, func
         )
         if char_array_ptr:
             return char_array_ptr

pythonbpf/maps/maps_pass.py

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def process_perf_event_map(map_name, rval, module, structs_sym_tab):
     logger.info(f"Map parameters: {map_params}")
     map_global = create_bpf_map(module, map_name, map_params)
     # Generate debug info for BTF
-    create_map_debug_info(module, map_global.sym, map_name, map_params)
+    create_map_debug_info(module, map_global.sym, map_name, map_params, structs_sym_tab)
     return map_global
 
 

tests/passing_tests/hash_map_struct.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from pythonbpf import bpf, section, struct, bpfglobal, compile, map
 from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
-from pythonbpf.helper import pid
+from pythonbpf.helper import pid, comm
 from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64
 
 
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64
 class val_type:
     counter: c_int64
     shizzle: c_int64
+    comm: str(16)
 
 
 @bpf
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ def last() -> HashMap:
 def hello_world(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     obj = val_type()
     obj.counter, obj.shizzle = 42, 96
+    comm(obj.comm)
     t = last.lookup(obj)
     if t:
         print(f"Found existing entry: counter={obj.counter}, pid={t}")

tests/passing_tests/struct_pylib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""
+Test struct values in HashMap.
+
+This example stores a struct in a HashMap and reads it back,
+testing the new set_value_struct() functionality in pylibbpf.
+"""
+
+from pythonbpf import bpf, map, struct, section, bpfglobal, BPF
+from pythonbpf.helper import ktime, smp_processor_id, pid, comm
+from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
+from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64, c_uint32, c_uint64
+import time
+import os
+
+
+@bpf
+@struct
+class task_info:
+    pid: c_uint64
+    timestamp: c_uint64
+    comm: str(16)
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def cpu_tasks() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_uint32, value=task_info, max_entries=256)
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("tracepoint/sched/sched_switch")
+def trace_sched_switch(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
+    cpu = smp_processor_id()
+
+    # Create task info struct
+    info = task_info()
+    info.pid = pid()
+    info.timestamp = ktime()
+    comm(info.comm)
+
+    # Store in map
+    cpu_tasks.update(cpu, info)
+
+    return 0  # type: ignore
+
+
+@bpf
+@bpfglobal
+def LICENSE() -> str:
+    return "GPL"
+
+
+# Compile and load
+b = BPF()
+b.load()
+b.attach_all()
+
+print("Testing HashMap with Struct Values")
+
+cpu_map = b["cpu_tasks"]
+cpu_map.set_value_struct("task_info")  # Enable struct deserialization
+
+print("Listening for context switches.. .\n")
+
+num_cpus = os.cpu_count() or 16
+
+try:
+    while True:
+        time.sleep(1)
+
+        print(f"--- Snapshot at {time.strftime('%H:%M:%S')} ---")
+
+        for cpu in range(num_cpus):
+            try:
+                info = cpu_map.lookup(cpu)
+
+                if info:
+                    comm_str = (
+                        bytes(info.comm).decode("utf-8", errors="ignore").rstrip("\x00")
+                    )
+                    ts_sec = info.timestamp / 1e9
+
+                    print(
+                        f"  CPU {cpu}: PID={info.pid}, comm={comm_str}, ts={ts_sec:.3f}s"
+                    )
+            except KeyError:
+                # No data for this CPU yet
+                pass
+
+        print()
+
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    print("\nStopped")