#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
BTF to Python ctypes Converter
Converts Linux kernel BTF (BPF Type Format) to Python ctypes definitions.

This tool automates the process of:
1. Dumping BTF from vmlinux
2. Preprocessing enum definitions
3. Processing struct kioctx to extract anonymous nested structs
4. Running C preprocessor
5. Converting to Python ctypes using clang2py
6. Post-processing the output

Requirements:
- bpftool
- clang
- ctypeslib2 (pip install ctypeslib2)
"""

import argparse
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile


class BTFConverter:
    def __init__(self, btf_source="/sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux", output_file="vmlinux.py",
                 keep_intermediate=False, verbose=False):
        self.btf_source = btf_source
        self.output_file = output_file
        self.keep_intermediate = keep_intermediate
        self.verbose = verbose
        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp() if not keep_intermediate else "."

    def log(self, message):
        """Print message if verbose mode is enabled."""
        if self.verbose:
            print(f"[*] {message}")

    def run_command(self, cmd, description):
        """Run a shell command and handle errors."""
        self.log(f"{description}...")
        try:
            result = subprocess.run(
                cmd,
                shell=True,
                check=True,
                capture_output=True,
                text=True
            )
            if self.verbose and result.stdout:
                print(result.stdout)
            return result
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(f"Error during {description}:", file=sys.stderr)
            print(e.stderr, file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(1)

    def step1_dump_btf(self):
        """Step 1: Dump BTF from vmlinux."""
        vmlinux_h = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "vmlinux.h")
        cmd = f"bpftool btf dump file {self.btf_source} format c > {vmlinux_h}"
        self.run_command(cmd, "Dumping BTF from vmlinux")
        return vmlinux_h

    def step2_preprocess_enums(self, input_file):
        """Step 1.5: Preprocess enum definitions."""
        self.log("Preprocessing enum definitions...")

        with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
            original_code = f.read()

        # Extract anonymous enums
        enums = re.findall(
            r'(?<!typedef\s)(enum\s*\{[^}]*\})\s*(\w+)\s*(?::\s*\d+)?\s*;',
            original_code
        )
        enum_defs = [enum_block + ';' for enum_block, _ in enums]

        # Replace anonymous enums with int declarations
        processed_code = re.sub(
            r'(?<!typedef\s)enum\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*(\w+)\s*(?::\s*\d+)?\s*;',
            r'int \1;',
            original_code
        )

        # Prepend enum definitions
        if enum_defs:
            enum_text = '\n'.join(enum_defs) + '\n\n'
            processed_code = enum_text + processed_code

        output_file = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "vmlinux_processed.h")
        with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
            f.write(processed_code)

        return output_file

    def step2_5_process_kioctx(self, input_file):
        #TODO: this is a very bad bug and design decision. A single struct has an issue mostly.
        """Step 2.5: Process struct kioctx to extract nested anonymous structs."""
        self.log("Processing struct kioctx nested structs...")

        with open(input_file, 'r') as f:
            content = f.read()

        # Pattern to match struct kioctx with its full body (handles multiple nesting levels)
        kioctx_pattern = r'struct\s+kioctx\s*\{(?:[^{}]|\{(?:[^{}]|\{[^{}]*\})*\})*\}\s*;'

        def process_kioctx_replacement(match):
            full_struct = match.group(0)
            self.log(f"Found struct kioctx, length: {len(full_struct)} chars")

            # Extract the struct body (everything between outermost { and })
            body_match = re.search(r'struct\s+kioctx\s*\{(.*)\}\s*;', full_struct, re.DOTALL)
            if not body_match:
                return full_struct

            body = body_match.group(1)

            # Find all anonymous structs within the body
            # Pattern: struct { ... } followed by ; (not a member name)
            anon_struct_pattern = r'struct\s*\{[^}]*\}'

            anon_structs = []
            anon_counter = 4  # Start from 4, counting down to 1

            def replace_anonymous_struct(m):
                nonlocal anon_counter
                anon_struct_content = m.group(0)

                # Extract the body of the anonymous struct
                anon_body_match = re.search(r'struct\s*\{(.*)\}', anon_struct_content, re.DOTALL)
                if not anon_body_match:
                    return anon_struct_content

                anon_body = anon_body_match.group(1)

                # Create the named struct definition
                anon_name = f"__anon{anon_counter}"
                member_name = f"a{anon_counter}"

                # Store the struct definition
                anon_structs.append(f"struct {anon_name} {{{anon_body}}};")

                anon_counter -= 1

                # Return the member declaration
                return f"struct {anon_name} {member_name}"

            # Process the body, finding and replacing anonymous structs
            # We need to be careful to only match anonymous structs followed by ;
            processed_body = body

            # Find all occurrences and process them
            pattern_with_semicolon = r'struct\s*\{([^}]*)\}\s*;'
            matches = list(re.finditer(pattern_with_semicolon, body, re.DOTALL))

            if not matches:
                self.log("No anonymous structs found in kioctx")
                return full_struct

            self.log(f"Found {len(matches)} anonymous struct(s)")

            # Process in reverse order to maintain string positions
            for match in reversed(matches):
                anon_struct_content = match.group(1)
                start_pos = match.start()
                end_pos = match.end()

                # Create the named struct definition
                anon_name = f"__anon{anon_counter}"
                member_name = f"a{anon_counter}"

                # Store the struct definition
                anon_structs.insert(0, f"struct {anon_name} {{{anon_struct_content}}};")

                # Replace in the body
                replacement = f"struct {anon_name} {member_name};"
                processed_body = processed_body[:start_pos] + replacement + processed_body[end_pos:]

                anon_counter -= 1

            # Rebuild the complete definition
            if anon_structs:
                # Prepend the anonymous struct definitions
                anon_definitions = '\n'.join(anon_structs) + '\n\n'
                new_struct = f"struct kioctx {{{processed_body}}};"
                return anon_definitions + new_struct
            else:
                return full_struct

        # Apply the transformation
        processed_content = re.sub(
            kioctx_pattern,
            process_kioctx_replacement,
            content,
            flags=re.DOTALL
        )

        output_file = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "vmlinux_kioctx_processed.h")
        with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
            f.write(processed_content)

        self.log(f"Saved kioctx-processed output to {output_file}")
        return output_file

    def step3_run_preprocessor(self, input_file):
        """Step 2: Run C preprocessor."""
        output_file = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "vmlinux.i")
        cmd = f"clang -E {input_file} > {output_file}"
        self.run_command(cmd, "Running C preprocessor")
        return output_file

    def step4_convert_to_ctypes(self, input_file):
        """Step 3: Convert to Python ctypes using clang2py."""
        output_file = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, "vmlinux_raw.py")
        cmd = (
            f"clang2py {input_file} -o {output_file} "
            f"--clang-args=\"-fno-ms-extensions -I/usr/include -I/usr/include/linux\""
        )
        self.run_command(cmd, "Converting to Python ctypes")
        return output_file

    def step5_postprocess(self, input_file):
        """Step 4: Post-process the generated Python file."""
        self.log("Post-processing Python ctypes definitions...")

        with open(input_file, "r") as f:
            data = f.read()

        # Remove lines like ('_45', ctypes.c_int64, 0)
        data = re.sub(r"\('_[0-9]+',\s*ctypes\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+,\s*0\),?\s*\n?", "", data)

        # Replace ('_20', ctypes.c_uint64, 64) → ('_20', ctypes.c_uint64)
        data = re.sub(r"\('(_[0-9]+)',\s*(ctypes\.[a-zA-Z0-9_]+),\s*[0-9]+\)", r"('\1', \2)", data)

        # Replace ('_20', ctypes.c_char, 8) with ('_20', ctypes.c_uint8, 8)
        data = re.sub(
            r"(ctypes\.c_char)(\s*,\s*\d+\))",
            r"ctypes.c_uint8\2",
            data
        )

        # below to replace those c_bool with bitfield greater than 8
        def repl(m):
            name, bits = m.groups()
            return f"('{name}', ctypes.c_uint32, {bits})" if int(bits) > 8 else m.group(0)

        data = re.sub(
            r"\('([^']+)',\s*ctypes\.c_bool,\s*(\d+)\)",
            repl,
            data
        )

        # Remove ctypes. prefix from invalid entries
        invalid_ctypes = ["bpf_iter_state", "_cache_type", "fs_context_purpose"]
        for name in invalid_ctypes:
            data = re.sub(rf"\bctypes\.{name}\b", name, data)

        with open(self.output_file, "w") as f:
            f.write(data)

        self.log(f"Saved final output to {self.output_file}")

    def cleanup(self):
        """Remove temporary files if not keeping them."""
        if not self.keep_intermediate and self.temp_dir != ".":
            self.log(f"Cleaning up temporary directory: {self.temp_dir}")
            import shutil
            shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir, ignore_errors=True)

    def convert(self):
        """Run the complete conversion pipeline."""
        try:
            self.log("Starting BTF to Python ctypes conversion...")

            # Check dependencies
            self.check_dependencies()

            # Run conversion pipeline
            vmlinux_h = self.step1_dump_btf()
            vmlinux_processed_h = self.step2_preprocess_enums(vmlinux_h)
            vmlinux_kioctx_h = self.step2_5_process_kioctx(vmlinux_processed_h)
            vmlinux_i = self.step3_run_preprocessor(vmlinux_kioctx_h)
            vmlinux_raw_py = self.step4_convert_to_ctypes(vmlinux_i)
            self.step5_postprocess(vmlinux_raw_py)

            print(f"\n✓ Conversion complete! Output saved to: {self.output_file}")

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"\n✗ Error during conversion: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
            import traceback
            traceback.print_exc()
            sys.exit(1)
        finally:
            self.cleanup()

    def check_dependencies(self):
        """Check if required tools are available."""
        self.log("Checking dependencies...")

        dependencies = {
            "bpftool": "bpftool --version",
            "clang": "clang --version",
            "clang2py": "clang2py --version"
        }

        missing = []
        for tool, cmd in dependencies.items():
            try:
                subprocess.run(
                    cmd,
                    shell=True,
                    check=True,
                    capture_output=True
                )
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                missing.append(tool)

        if missing:
            print("Error: Missing required dependencies:", file=sys.stderr)
            for tool in missing:
                print(f"  - {tool}", file=sys.stderr)
            if "clang2py" in missing:
                print("\nInstall ctypeslib2: pip install ctypeslib2", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(1)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Convert Linux kernel BTF to Python ctypes definitions",
        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
        epilog="""
Examples:
  %(prog)s
  %(prog)s -o kernel_types.py
  %(prog)s --btf-source /sys/kernel/btf/custom_module -k -v
        """
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--btf-source",
        default="/sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux",
        help="Path to BTF source (default: /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux)"
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "-o", "--output",
        default="vmlinux.py",
        help="Output Python file (default: vmlinux.py)"
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "-k", "--keep-intermediate",
        action="store_true",
        help="Keep intermediate files (vmlinux.h, vmlinux_processed.h, etc.)"
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "-v", "--verbose",
        action="store_true",
        help="Enable verbose output"
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()

    converter = BTFConverter(
        btf_source=args.btf_source,
        output_file=args.output,
        keep_intermediate=args.keep_intermediate,
        verbose=args.verbose
    )

    converter.convert()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()