chore: Update network address config to use loopback (127.0.0.1) instead of wildcard (0.0.0.0) across multiple examples and utilities.

examples/advanced/network_discover.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     # Fallbacks if utilities are missing
     def get_available_interfaces(port: int, protocol: str = "tcp"):
-        return [Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/{protocol}/{port}")]
+        return [Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/{protocol}/{port}")]
 
     def expand_wildcard_address(addr: Multiaddr, port: int | None = None):
         if port is None:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ except ImportError:
         return [Multiaddr(addr_str + f"/{port}")]
 
     def get_optimal_binding_address(port: int, protocol: str = "tcp"):
-        return Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/{protocol}/{port}")
+        return Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/{protocol}/{port}")
 
 
 def main() -> None:

examples/bootstrap/bootstrap.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async def run(port: int, bootstrap_addrs: list[str]) -> None:
     key_pair = create_new_key_pair(secret)
 
     # Create listen address
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Register peer discovery handler
     peerDiscovery.register_peer_discovered_handler(on_peer_discovery)

examples/chat/chat.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async def write_data(stream: INetStream) -> None:
 
 
 async def run(port: int, destination: str) -> None:
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
     host = new_host()
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]), trio.open_nursery() as nursery:
         # Start the peer-store cleanup task

examples/doc-examples/example_encryption_insecure.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_encryption_noise.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_encryption_secio.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_multiplexer.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_net_stream.py

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ async def run_enhanced_demo(
     """
     Run enhanced echo demo with NetStream state management.
     """
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Generate or use provided key
     if seed:

examples/doc-examples/example_peer_discovery.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_running.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/doc-examples/example_transport.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ async def main():
 
     # Configure the listening address
     port = 8000
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Start the host
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]):

examples/identify/identify.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def print_identify_response(identify_response: Identify):
 
 
 async def run(port: int, destination: str, use_varint_format: bool = True) -> None:
-    localhost_ip = "0.0.0.0"
+    localhost_ip = "127.0.0.1"
 
     if not destination:
         # Create first host (listener)
@@ -79,10 +79,9 @@ async def run(port: int, destination: str, use_varint_format: bool = True) -> No
             # Start the peer-store cleanup task
             nursery.start_soon(host_a.get_peerstore().start_cleanup_task, 60)
 
-            # Get the actual address and replace 0.0.0.0 with 127.0.0.1 for client
-            # connections
+            # Get the actual address
             server_addr = str(host_a.get_addrs()[0])
-            client_addr = server_addr.replace("/ip4/0.0.0.0/", "/ip4/127.0.0.1/")
+            client_addr = server_addr
 
             format_name = "length-prefixed" if use_varint_format else "raw protobuf"
             format_flag = "--raw-format" if not use_varint_format else ""

examples/identify_push/identify_push_listener_dialer.py

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ async def run_listener(
     )
 
     # Start listening
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     try:
         async with host.run([listen_addr]):
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ async def run_dialer(
     )
 
     # Start listening on a different port
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     async with host.run([listen_addr]):
         logger.info("Dialer host ready!")

examples/mDNS/mDNS.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def onPeerDiscovery(peerinfo: PeerInfo):
 async def run(port: int) -> None:
     secret = secrets.token_bytes(32)
     key_pair = create_new_key_pair(secret)
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     peerDiscovery.register_peer_discovered_handler(onPeerDiscovery)
 

examples/ping/ping.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async def send_ping(stream: INetStream) -> None:
 
 
 async def run(port: int, destination: str) -> None:
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
     host = new_host(listen_addrs=[listen_addr])
 
     async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]), trio.open_nursery() as nursery:

examples/pubsub/pubsub.py

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ async def run(topic: str, destination: str | None, port: int | None) -> None:
         port = find_free_port()
         logger.info(f"Using random available port: {port}")
 
-    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+    listen_addr = multiaddr.Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
     # Create a new libp2p host
     host = new_host(

examples/random_walk/random_walk.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ async def run_node(port: int, mode: str, demo_interval: int = 30) -> None:
         # Create host and DHT
         key_pair = create_new_key_pair(secrets.token_bytes(32))
         host = new_host(key_pair=key_pair, bootstrap=DEFAULT_BOOTSTRAP_NODES)
-        listen_addr = Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}")
+        listen_addr = Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}")
 
         async with host.run(listen_addrs=[listen_addr]), trio.open_nursery() as nursery:
             # Start maintenance tasks
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ async def run_node(port: int, mode: str, demo_interval: int = 30) -> None:
 
             peer_id = host.get_id().pretty()
             logger.info(f"Node peer ID: {peer_id}")
-            logger.info(f"Node address: /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/{port}/p2p/{peer_id}")
+            logger.info(f"Node address: /ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/{port}/p2p/{peer_id}")
 
             # Create and start DHT with Random Walk enabled
             dht = KadDHT(host, dht_mode, enable_random_walk=True)

libp2p/utils/address_validation.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def get_available_interfaces(port: int, protocol: str = "tcp") -> list[Multiaddr
 
     # Fallback if nothing discovered
     if not addrs:
-        addrs.append(Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/{protocol}/{port}"))
+        addrs.append(Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/{protocol}/{port}"))
 
     return addrs
 
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ def get_optimal_binding_address(port: int, protocol: str = "tcp") -> Multiaddr:
         if "/ip4/127." in str(c) or "/ip6/::1" in str(c):
             return c
 
-    # As a final fallback, produce a wildcard
-    return Multiaddr(f"/ip4/0.0.0.0/{protocol}/{port}")
+    # As a final fallback, produce a loopback address
+    return Multiaddr(f"/ip4/127.0.0.1/{protocol}/{port}")
 
 
 __all__ = [