Initial plan

pythonbpf/allocation_pass.py

@@ -118,6 +118,18 @@ def _allocate_for_call(
             local_sym_tab[var_name] = LocalSymbol(var, struct_info.ir_type, call_type)
             logger.info(f"Pre-allocated {var_name} for struct {call_type}")
 
+        elif VmlinuxHandlerRegistry.is_vmlinux_struct(call_type):
+            # When calling struct_name(pointer), we're doing a cast, not construction
+            # So we allocate as a pointer (i64) not as the actual struct
+            var = builder.alloca(ir.IntType(64), name=var_name)
+            var.align = 8
+            local_sym_tab[var_name] = LocalSymbol(
+                var, ir.IntType(64), VmlinuxHandlerRegistry.get_struct_type(call_type)
+            )
+            logger.info(
+                f"Pre-allocated {var_name} for vmlinux struct pointer cast to {call_type}"
+            )
+
         else:
             logger.warning(f"Unknown call type for allocation: {call_type}")
 
@@ -325,13 +337,6 @@ def _allocate_for_attribute(builder, var_name, rval, local_sym_tab, structs_sym_
                 VmlinuxHandlerRegistry.get_field_type(vmlinux_struct_name, field_name)
             )
             field_ir, field = field_type
-            # TODO: For now, we only support integer type allocations.
-            # This always assumes first argument of function to be the context struct
-            base_ptr = builder.function.args[0]
-            local_sym_tab[
-                struct_var
-            ].var = base_ptr  # This is repurposing of var to store the pointer of the base type
-            local_sym_tab[struct_var].ir_type = field_ir
 
             # Determine the actual IR type based on the field's type
             actual_ir_type = None
@@ -386,12 +391,14 @@ def _allocate_for_attribute(builder, var_name, rval, local_sym_tab, structs_sym_
                 )
                 actual_ir_type = ir.IntType(64)
 
-            # Allocate with the actual IR type, not the GlobalVariable
+            # Allocate with the actual IR type
             var = _allocate_with_type(builder, var_name, actual_ir_type)
-            local_sym_tab[var_name] = LocalSymbol(var, actual_ir_type, field)
+            local_sym_tab[var_name] = LocalSymbol(
+                var, actual_ir_type, field
+            )  # <-- Store Field metadata
 
             logger.info(
-                f"Pre-allocated {var_name} from vmlinux struct {vmlinux_struct_name}.{field_name}"
+                f"Pre-allocated {var_name} as {actual_ir_type} from vmlinux struct {vmlinux_struct_name}.{field_name}"
             )
             return
         else:

pythonbpf/assign_pass.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import ast
 import logging
+from inspect import isclass
+
 from llvmlite import ir
 from pythonbpf.expr import eval_expr
 from pythonbpf.helper import emit_probe_read_kernel_str_call
@@ -148,8 +150,30 @@ def handle_variable_assignment(
         return False
 
     val, val_type = val_result
-    logger.info(f"Evaluated value for {var_name}: {val} of type {val_type}, {var_type}")
+    logger.info(
+        f"Evaluated value for {var_name}: {val} of type {val_type}, expected {var_type}"
+    )
+
     if val_type != var_type:
+        # Handle vmlinux struct pointers - they're represented as Python classes but are i64 pointers
+        if isclass(val_type) and (val_type.__module__ == "vmlinux"):
+            logger.info("Handling vmlinux struct pointer assignment")
+            # vmlinux struct pointers: val is a pointer, need to convert to i64
+            if isinstance(var_type, ir.IntType) and var_type.width == 64:
+                # Convert pointer to i64 using ptrtoint
+                if isinstance(val.type, ir.PointerType):
+                    val = builder.ptrtoint(val, ir.IntType(64))
+                    logger.info(
+                        "Converted vmlinux struct pointer to i64 using ptrtoint"
+                    )
+                builder.store(val, var_ptr)
+                logger.info(f"Assigned vmlinux struct pointer to {var_name} (i64)")
+                return True
+            else:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"Type mismatch: vmlinux struct pointer requires i64, got {var_type}"
+                )
+                return False
         if isinstance(val_type, Field):
             logger.info("Handling assignment to struct field")
             # Special handling for struct_xdp_md i32 fields that are zero-extended to i64

pythonbpf/expr/expr_pass.py

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ from .type_normalization import (
     get_base_type_and_depth,
     deref_to_depth,
 )
-from pythonbpf.vmlinux_parser.assignment_info import Field
 from .vmlinux_registry import VmlinuxHandlerRegistry
+from ..vmlinux_parser.dependency_node import Field
 
 logger: Logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -89,8 +89,16 @@ def _handle_attribute_expr(
                     return vmlinux_result
                 else:
                     raise RuntimeError("Vmlinux struct did not process successfully")
-            metadata = structs_sym_tab[var_metadata]
-            if attr_name in metadata.fields:
+
+            elif isinstance(var_metadata, Field):
+                logger.error(
+                    f"Cannot access field '{attr_name}' on already-loaded field value '{var_name}'"
+                )
+                return None
+
+            # Regular user-defined struct
+            metadata = structs_sym_tab.get(var_metadata)
+            if metadata and attr_name in metadata.fields:
                 gep = metadata.gep(builder, var_ptr, attr_name)
                 val = builder.load(gep)
                 field_type = metadata.field_type(attr_name)
@@ -525,6 +533,66 @@ def _handle_boolean_op(
         return None
 
 
+# ============================================================================
+# VMLinux casting
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def _handle_vmlinux_cast(
+    func,
+    module,
+    builder,
+    expr,
+    local_sym_tab,
+    map_sym_tab,
+    structs_sym_tab=None,
+):
+    # handle expressions such as struct_request(ctx.di) where struct_request is a vmlinux
+    # struct and ctx.di is a pointer to a struct but is actually represented as a c_uint64
+    # which needs to be cast to a pointer. This is also a field of another vmlinux struct
+    """Handle vmlinux struct cast expressions like struct_request(ctx.di)."""
+    if len(expr.args) != 1:
+        logger.info("vmlinux struct cast takes exactly one argument")
+        return None
+
+    # Get the struct name
+    struct_name = expr.func.id
+
+    # Evaluate the argument (e.g., ctx.di which is a c_uint64)
+    arg_result = eval_expr(
+        func,
+        module,
+        builder,
+        expr.args[0],
+        local_sym_tab,
+        map_sym_tab,
+        structs_sym_tab,
+    )
+
+    if arg_result is None:
+        logger.info("Failed to evaluate argument to vmlinux struct cast")
+        return None
+
+    arg_val, arg_type = arg_result
+    # Get the vmlinux struct type
+    vmlinux_struct_type = VmlinuxHandlerRegistry.get_struct_type(struct_name)
+    if vmlinux_struct_type is None:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to get vmlinux struct type for {struct_name}")
+        return None
+    # Cast the integer/value to a pointer to the struct
+    # If arg_val is an integer type, we need to inttoptr it
+    ptr_type = ir.PointerType()
+    # TODO: add a integer check here later
+    if ctypes_to_ir(arg_type.type.__name__):
+        # Cast integer to pointer
+        casted_ptr = builder.inttoptr(arg_val, ptr_type)
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"Unsupported type for vmlinux cast: {arg_type}")
+        return None
+
+    return casted_ptr, vmlinux_struct_type
+
+
 # ============================================================================
 # Expression Dispatcher
 # ============================================================================
@@ -545,6 +613,18 @@ def eval_expr(
     elif isinstance(expr, ast.Constant):
         return _handle_constant_expr(module, builder, expr)
     elif isinstance(expr, ast.Call):
+        if isinstance(expr.func, ast.Name) and VmlinuxHandlerRegistry.is_vmlinux_struct(
+            expr.func.id
+        ):
+            return _handle_vmlinux_cast(
+                func,
+                module,
+                builder,
+                expr,
+                local_sym_tab,
+                map_sym_tab,
+                structs_sym_tab,
+            )
         if isinstance(expr.func, ast.Name) and expr.func.id == "deref":
             return _handle_deref_call(expr, local_sym_tab, builder)
 

pythonbpf/helper/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 from .helper_registry import HelperHandlerRegistry
 from .helper_utils import reset_scratch_pool
-from .bpf_helper_handler import handle_helper_call, emit_probe_read_kernel_str_call
+from .bpf_helper_handler import (
+    handle_helper_call,
+    emit_probe_read_kernel_str_call,
+    emit_probe_read_kernel_call,
+)
 from .helpers import (
     ktime,
     pid,
@@ -74,6 +78,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "reset_scratch_pool",
     "handle_helper_call",
     "emit_probe_read_kernel_str_call",
+    "emit_probe_read_kernel_call",
     "ktime",
     "pid",
     "deref",

pythonbpf/helper/bpf_helper_handler.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class BPFHelperID(Enum):
     BPF_PERF_EVENT_OUTPUT = 25
     BPF_GET_STACK = 67
     BPF_PROBE_READ_KERNEL_STR = 115
+    BPF_PROBE_READ_KERNEL = 113
     BPF_RINGBUF_OUTPUT = 130
     BPF_RINGBUF_RESERVE = 131
     BPF_RINGBUF_SUBMIT = 132
@@ -574,6 +575,75 @@ def bpf_probe_read_kernel_str_emitter(
     return result, ir.IntType(64)
 
 
+def emit_probe_read_kernel_call(builder, dst_ptr, dst_size, src_ptr):
+    """Emit LLVM IR call to bpf_probe_read_kernel"""
+
+    fn_type = ir.FunctionType(
+        ir.IntType(64),
+        [ir.PointerType(), ir.IntType(32), ir.PointerType()],
+        var_arg=False,
+    )
+    fn_ptr = builder.inttoptr(
+        ir.Constant(ir.IntType(64), BPFHelperID.BPF_PROBE_READ_KERNEL.value),
+        ir.PointerType(fn_type),
+    )
+
+    result = builder.call(
+        fn_ptr,
+        [
+            builder.bitcast(dst_ptr, ir.PointerType()),
+            ir.Constant(ir.IntType(32), dst_size),
+            builder.bitcast(src_ptr, ir.PointerType()),
+        ],
+        tail=False,
+    )
+
+    logger.info(f"Emitted bpf_probe_read_kernel (size={dst_size})")
+    return result
+
+
+@HelperHandlerRegistry.register(
+    "probe_read_kernel",
+    param_types=[
+        ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8)),
+        ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8)),
+    ],
+    return_type=ir.IntType(64),
+)
+def bpf_probe_read_kernel_emitter(
+    call,
+    map_ptr,
+    module,
+    builder,
+    func,
+    local_sym_tab=None,
+    struct_sym_tab=None,
+    map_sym_tab=None,
+):
+    """Emit LLVM IR for bpf_probe_read_kernel helper."""
+
+    if len(call.args) != 2:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"probe_read_kernel expects 2 args (dst, src), got {len(call.args)}"
+        )
+
+    # Get destination buffer (char array -> i8*)
+    dst_ptr, dst_size = get_or_create_ptr_from_arg(
+        func, module, call.args[0], builder, local_sym_tab, map_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab
+    )
+
+    # Get source pointer (evaluate expression)
+    src_ptr, src_type = get_ptr_from_arg(
+        call.args[1], func, module, builder, local_sym_tab, map_sym_tab, struct_sym_tab
+    )
+
+    # Emit the helper call
+    result = emit_probe_read_kernel_call(builder, dst_ptr, dst_size, src_ptr)
+
+    logger.info(f"Emitted bpf_probe_read_kernel (size={dst_size})")
+    return result, ir.IntType(64)
+
+
 @HelperHandlerRegistry.register(
     "random",
     param_types=[],

pythonbpf/type_deducer.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ mapping = {
     "c_ulong": ir.IntType(64),
     "c_longlong": ir.IntType(64),
     "c_uint": ir.IntType(32),
-    "c_int": ir.IntType(32),
     # Not so sure about this one
     "str": ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8)),
 }

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/ir_gen/debug_info_gen.py

@@ -42,7 +42,10 @@ def debug_info_generation(
 
     # Process all fields and create members for the struct
     members = []
-    for field_name, field in struct.fields.items():
+
+    sorted_fields = sorted(struct.fields.items(), key=lambda item: item[1].offset)
+
+    for field_name, field in sorted_fields:
         try:
             # Get appropriate debug type for this field
             field_type = _get_field_debug_type(
@@ -97,7 +100,9 @@ def _get_field_debug_type(
         # Handle function pointer types (CFUNCTYPE)
         if callable(field.ctype_complex_type):
             # Function pointers are represented as void pointers
-            logger.info(f"Field {field_name} is a function pointer, using void pointer")
+            logger.warning(
+                f"Field {field_name} is a function pointer, using void pointer"
+            )
             void_ptr = generator.create_pointer_type(None, 64)
             return void_ptr, 64
         elif issubclass(field.ctype_complex_type, ctypes.Array):
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ def _get_field_debug_type(
 
         # If not found, create a forward declaration
         # This will be completed when the actual struct is processed
-        logger.warning(
+        logger.info(
             f"Forward declaration created for {struct_name} in {parent_struct.name}"
         )
         forward_type = generator.create_struct_type([], 0, is_distinct=True)

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/vmlinux_exports_handler.py

@@ -94,17 +94,140 @@ class VmlinuxHandler:
                 f"Attempting to access field {field_name} of possible vmlinux struct {struct_var_name}"
             )
             python_type: type = var_info.metadata
-            struct_name = python_type.__name__
-            globvar_ir, field_data = self.get_field_type(struct_name, field_name)
-            builder.function.args[0].type = ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8))
-            field_ptr = self.load_ctx_field(
-                builder, builder.function.args[0], globvar_ir, field_data, struct_name
-            )
-            # Return pointer to field and field type
-            return field_ptr, field_data
+            # Check if this is a context field (ctx) or a cast struct
+            is_context_field = var_info.var is None
+
+            if is_context_field:
+                # Handle context field access (original behavior)
+                struct_name = python_type.__name__
+                globvar_ir, field_data = self.get_field_type(struct_name, field_name)
+                builder.function.args[0].type = ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8))
+                field_ptr = self.load_ctx_field(
+                    builder,
+                    builder.function.args[0],
+                    globvar_ir,
+                    field_data,
+                    struct_name,
+                )
+                return field_ptr, field_data
+            else:
+                # Handle cast struct field access
+                struct_name = python_type.__name__
+                globvar_ir, field_data = self.get_field_type(struct_name, field_name)
+
+                # Handle cast struct field access (use bpf_probe_read_kernel)
+                # Load the struct pointer from the local variable
+                struct_ptr = builder.load(var_info.var)
+
+                # Use bpf_probe_read_kernel for non-context struct field access
+                field_value = self.load_struct_field(
+                    builder, struct_ptr, globvar_ir, field_data, struct_name
+                )
+                # Return field value and field type
+                return field_value, field_data
         else:
             raise RuntimeError("Variable accessed not found in symbol table")
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def load_struct_field(
+        builder, struct_ptr_int, offset_global, field_data, struct_name=None
+    ):
+        """
+        Generate LLVM IR to load a field from a regular (non-context) struct using bpf_probe_read_kernel.
+
+        Args:
+            builder: llvmlite IRBuilder instance
+            struct_ptr_int: The struct pointer as an i64 value (already loaded from alloca)
+            offset_global: Global variable containing the field offset (i64)
+            field_data: contains data about the field
+            struct_name: Name of the struct being accessed (optional)
+        Returns:
+            The loaded value
+        """
+
+        # Load the offset value
+        offset = builder.load(offset_global)
+
+        # Convert i64 to pointer type (BPF stores pointers as i64)
+        i8_ptr_type = ir.PointerType(ir.IntType(8))
+        struct_ptr = builder.inttoptr(struct_ptr_int, i8_ptr_type)
+
+        # GEP with offset to get field pointer
+        field_ptr = builder.gep(
+            struct_ptr,
+            [offset],
+            inbounds=False,
+        )
+
+        # Determine the appropriate field size based on field information
+        field_size_bytes = 8  # Default to 8 bytes (64-bit)
+        int_width = 64  # Default to 64-bit
+        needs_zext = False
+
+        if field_data is not None:
+            # Try to determine the size from field metadata
+            if field_data.type.__module__ == ctypes.__name__:
+                try:
+                    field_size_bytes = ctypes.sizeof(field_data.type)
+                    field_size_bits = field_size_bytes * 8
+
+                    if field_size_bits in [8, 16, 32, 64]:
+                        int_width = field_size_bits
+                        logger.info(
+                            f"Determined field size: {int_width} bits ({field_size_bytes} bytes)"
+                        )
+
+                        # Special handling for struct_xdp_md i32 fields
+                        if struct_name == "struct_xdp_md" and int_width == 32:
+                            needs_zext = True
+                            logger.info(
+                                "struct_xdp_md i32 field detected, will zero-extend to i64"
+                            )
+                    else:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            f"Unusual field size {field_size_bits} bits, using default 64"
+                        )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        f"Could not determine field size: {e}, using default 64"
+                    )
+
+            elif field_data.type.__module__ == "vmlinux":
+                # For pointers to structs or complex vmlinux types
+                if field_data.ctype_complex_type is not None and issubclass(
+                    field_data.ctype_complex_type, ctypes._Pointer
+                ):
+                    int_width = 64  # Pointers are always 64-bit
+                    field_size_bytes = 8
+                    logger.info("Field is a pointer type, using 64 bits")
+                else:
+                    logger.warning("Complex vmlinux field type, using default 64 bits")
+
+        # Allocate local storage for the field value
+        local_storage = builder.alloca(ir.IntType(int_width))
+        local_storage_i8_ptr = builder.bitcast(local_storage, i8_ptr_type)
+
+        # Use bpf_probe_read_kernel to safely read the field
+        # This generates:
+        #   %gep = getelementptr i8, ptr %struct_ptr, i64 %offset (already done above as field_ptr)
+        #   %passed = tail call ptr @llvm.bpf.passthrough.p0.p0(i32 2, ptr %gep)
+        #   %result = call i64 inttoptr (i64 113 to ptr)(ptr %local_storage, i32 %size, ptr %passed)
+        from pythonbpf.helper import emit_probe_read_kernel_call
+
+        emit_probe_read_kernel_call(
+            builder, local_storage_i8_ptr, field_size_bytes, field_ptr
+        )
+
+        # Load the value from local storage
+        value = builder.load(local_storage)
+
+        # Zero-extend i32 to i64 if needed
+        if needs_zext:
+            value = builder.zext(value, ir.IntType(64))
+            logger.info("Zero-extended i32 value to i64")
+
+        return value
+
     @staticmethod
     def load_ctx_field(builder, ctx_arg, offset_global, field_data, struct_name=None):
         """

tests/c-form/requests.bpf.c

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 #include "vmlinux.h"
 #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
 #include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_core_read.h>
 
 char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
 
 SEC("kprobe/blk_mq_start_request")
 int example(struct pt_regs *ctx)
 {
+    u64 a = ctx->r15;
     struct request *req = (struct request *)(ctx->di);
-    u32 data_len = req->__data_len;
-    bpf_printk("data length %u\n", data_len);
+    unsigned int something_ns = BPF_CORE_READ(req, timeout);
+    unsigned int data_len = BPF_CORE_READ(req, __data_len);
+    bpf_printk("data length %lld %ld %ld\n", data_len,  something_ns, a);
 
     return 0;
 }

tests/c-form/requests2.bpf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "vmlinux.h"
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_tracing.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_core_read.h>
+
+char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+SEC("kprobe/blk_mq_start_request")
+int example(struct pt_regs *ctx)
+{
+    u64 a = ctx->r15;
+    struct request *req = (struct request *)(ctx->di);
+    unsigned int something_ns = req->timeout;
+    unsigned int data_len = req->__data_len;
+    bpf_printk("data length %lld %ld %ld\n", data_len,  something_ns, a);
+
+    return 0;
+}

tests/passing_tests/vmlinux/requests.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from vmlinux import struct_request, struct_pt_regs
-from pythonbpf import bpf, section, bpfglobal, compile_to_ir
+from pythonbpf import bpf, section, bpfglobal, compile_to_ir, compile
 import logging
 from ctypes import c_int64
 
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ from ctypes import c_int64
 @bpf
 @section("kprobe/blk_mq_start_request")
 def example(ctx: struct_pt_regs) -> c_int64:
+    a = ctx.r15
     req = struct_request(ctx.di)
-    c = req.__data_len
-    print(f"data length {c}")
+    d = req.__data_len
+    b = ctx.r12
+    c = req.timeout
+    print(f"data length {d} and {c} and {a}")
+    print(f"ctx arg {b}")
     return c_int64(0)
 
 
@@ -20,3 +24,4 @@ def LICENSE() -> str:
 
 
 compile_to_ir("requests.py", "requests.ll", loglevel=logging.INFO)
+compile()