format chore

Signed-off-by: varun-r-mallya <varunrmallya@gmail.com>

.gitignore

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ __pycache__/
 *.ll
 *.o
 .ipynb_checkpoints/
+vmlinux.py
+~*

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ repos:
     - id: ruff
       args: ["--fix", "--show-fixes"]
     - id: ruff-format
-      exclude: ^(docs)|^(tests)|^(examples)
+#      exclude: ^(docs)|^(tests)|^(examples)
 
 # Checking static types
 - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy

README.md

@@ -83,14 +83,14 @@ def hist() -> HashMap:
 def hello(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     process_id = pid()
     one = 1
-    prev = hist().lookup(process_id)
+    prev = hist.lookup(process_id)
     if prev:
         previous_value = prev + 1
         print(f"count: {previous_value} with {process_id}")
-        hist().update(process_id, previous_value)
+        hist.update(process_id, previous_value)
         return c_int64(0)
     else:
-        hist().update(process_id, one)
+        hist.update(process_id, one)
     return c_int64(0)
 
 

TODO.md

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-## Short term
-
-- Implement enough functionality to port the BCC tutorial examples in PythonBPF
-- Add all maps
-- XDP support in pylibbpf
-- ringbuf support
-- Add oneline IfExpr conditionals (wishlist)
-
-## Long term
-
-- Refactor the codebase to be better than a hackathon project
-- Port to C++ and use actual LLVM?
-- Fix struct_kioctx issue in the vmlinux transpiler

examples/clone-matplotlib.ipynb

@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@
     "def hist() -> HashMap:\n",
     "    return HashMap(key=c_int32, value=c_uint64, max_entries=4096)\n",
     "\n",
+    "\n",
     "@bpf\n",
     "@section(\"tracepoint/syscalls/sys_enter_clone\")\n",
     "def hello(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:\n",
@@ -329,6 +330,7 @@
     "def LICENSE() -> str:\n",
     "    return \"GPL\"\n",
     "\n",
+    "\n",
     "b = BPF()"
    ]
   },
@@ -357,7 +359,6 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "\n",
     "b.load_and_attach()\n",
     "hist = BpfMap(b, hist)\n",
     "print(\"Recording\")\n",

examples/kprobes.py

@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ def hello_world(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     print("Hello, World!")
     return c_int64(0)
 
+
 @bpf
 @section("kprobe/do_unlinkat")
 def hello_world2(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     print("Hello, World!")
     return c_int64(0)
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def LICENSE() -> str:

examples/struct_and_perf.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def hello(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int32:
     dataobj.pid = pid()
     dataobj.ts = ktime()
     # dataobj.comm = strobj
-    print(f"clone called at {dataobj.ts} by pid" f"{dataobj.pid}, comm {strobj}")
+    print(f"clone called at {dataobj.ts} by pid{dataobj.pid}, comm {strobj}")
     events.output(dataobj)
     return c_int32(0)
 

examples/xdp_pass.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from pythonbpf import bpf, map, section, bpfglobal, compile
+from pythonbpf import bpf, map, section, bpfglobal, compile, compile_to_ir
 from pythonbpf.helper import XDP_PASS
 from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
+from ctypes import c_int64, c_void_p
 
-from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64
 
 # Instructions to how to run this program
 # 1. Install PythonBPF: pip install pythonbpf
@@ -41,4 +41,5 @@ def LICENSE() -> str:
     return "GPL"
 
 
+compile_to_ir("xdp_pass.py", "xdp_pass.ll")
 compile()

pythonbpf/codegen.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from .license_pass import license_processing
 from .functions import func_proc
 from .maps import maps_proc
 from .structs import structs_proc
+from .vmlinux_parser import vmlinux_proc
 from .globals_pass import (
     globals_list_creation,
     globals_processing,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ def processor(source_code, filename, module):
     for func_node in bpf_chunks:
         logger.info(f"Found BPF function/struct: {func_node.name}")
 
+    vmlinux_proc(tree, module)
     populate_global_symbol_table(tree, module)
     license_processing(tree, module)
     globals_processing(tree, module)

pythonbpf/helper/helpers.py

@@ -15,5 +15,8 @@ def deref(ptr):
     return result if result is not None else 0
 
 
+XDP_ABORTED = ctypes.c_int64(0)
 XDP_DROP = ctypes.c_int64(1)
 XDP_PASS = ctypes.c_int64(2)
+XDP_TX = ctypes.c_int64(3)
+XDP_REDIRECT = ctypes.c_int64(4)

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .import_detector import vmlinux_proc

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/dependency_handler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+from typing import Optional, Dict, List, Iterator
+from .dependency_node import DependencyNode
+
+
+class DependencyHandler:
+    """
+    Manages a collection of DependencyNode objects with no duplicates.
+
+    Ensures that no two nodes with the same name can be added and provides
+    methods to check readiness and retrieve specific nodes.
+
+    Example usage:
+        # Create a handler
+        handler = DependencyHandler()
+
+        # Create some dependency nodes
+        node1 = DependencyNode(name="node1")
+        node1.add_field("field1", str)
+        node1.set_field_value("field1", "value1")
+
+        node2 = DependencyNode(name="node2")
+        node2.add_field("field1", int)
+
+        # Add nodes to the handler
+        handler.add_node(node1)
+        handler.add_node(node2)
+
+        # Check if a specific node exists
+        print(handler.has_node("node1"))  # True
+
+        # Get a reference to a node and modify it
+        node = handler.get_node("node2")
+        node.set_field_value("field1", 42)
+
+        # Check if all nodes are ready
+        print(handler.is_ready)  # False (node2 is ready, but node1 isn't)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Using a dictionary with node names as keys ensures name uniqueness
+        # and provides efficient lookups
+        self._nodes: Dict[str, DependencyNode] = {}
+
+    def add_node(self, node: DependencyNode) -> bool:
+        """
+        Add a dependency node to the handler.
+
+        Args:
+            node: The DependencyNode to add
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the node was added, False if a node with the same name already exists
+
+        Raises:
+            TypeError: If the provided object is not a DependencyNode
+        """
+        if not isinstance(node, DependencyNode):
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected DependencyNode, got {type(node).__name__}")
+
+        # Check if a node with this name already exists
+        if node.name in self._nodes:
+            return False
+
+        self._nodes[node.name] = node
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if all nodes are ready.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if all nodes are ready (or if there are no nodes), False otherwise
+        """
+        if not self._nodes:
+            return True
+
+        return all(node.is_ready for node in self._nodes.values())
+
+    def has_node(self, name: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if a node with the given name exists.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if a node with the given name exists, False otherwise
+        """
+        return name in self._nodes
+
+    def get_node(self, name: str) -> Optional[DependencyNode]:
+        """
+        Get a node by name for manipulation.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The name of the node to retrieve
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional[DependencyNode]: The node with the given name, or None if not found
+        """
+        return self._nodes.get(name)
+
+    def remove_node(self, node_or_name) -> bool:
+        """
+        Remove a node by name or reference.
+
+        Args:
+            node_or_name: The node to remove or its name
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the node was removed, False if not found
+        """
+        if isinstance(node_or_name, DependencyNode):
+            name = node_or_name.name
+        else:
+            name = node_or_name
+
+        if name in self._nodes:
+            del self._nodes[name]
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def get_all_nodes(self) -> List[DependencyNode]:
+        """
+        Get all nodes stored in the handler.
+
+        Returns:
+            List[DependencyNode]: List of all nodes
+        """
+        return list(self._nodes.values())
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[DependencyNode]:
+        """
+        Iterate over all nodes.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterator[DependencyNode]: Iterator over all nodes
+        """
+        return iter(self._nodes.values())
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Get the number of nodes in the handler.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The number of nodes
+        """
+        return len(self._nodes)

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/dependency_node.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Field:
+    """Represents a field in a dependency node with its type and readiness state."""
+    name: str
+    type: type
+    value: Any = None
+    ready: bool = False
+
+    def set_ready(self, is_ready: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Set the readiness state of this field."""
+        self.ready = is_ready
+
+    def set_value(self, value: Any, mark_ready: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Set the value of this field and optionally mark it as ready."""
+        self.value = value
+        if mark_ready:
+            self.ready = True
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DependencyNode:
+    """
+    A node with typed fields and readiness tracking.
+
+    Example usage:
+        # Create a dependency node for a Person
+        somestruct = DependencyNode(name="struct_1")
+
+        # Add fields with their types
+        somestruct.add_field("field_1", str)
+        somestruct.add_field("field_2", int)
+        somestruct.add_field("field_3", str)
+
+        # Check if the node is ready (should be False initially)
+        print(f"Is node ready? {somestruct.is_ready}")  # False
+
+        # Set some field values
+        somestruct.set_field_value("field_1", "someproperty")
+        somestruct.set_field_value("field_2", 30)
+
+        # Check if the node is ready (still False because email is not ready)
+        print(f"Is node ready? {somestruct.is_ready}")  # False
+
+        # Set the last field and make the node ready
+        somestruct.set_field_value("field_3", "anotherproperty")
+
+        # Now the node should be ready
+        print(f"Is node ready? {somestruct.is_ready}")  # True
+
+        # You can also mark a field as not ready
+        somestruct.set_field_ready("field_3", False)
+
+        # Now the node is not ready again
+        print(f"Is node ready? {somestruct.is_ready}")  # False
+
+        # Get all field values
+        print(somestruct.get_field_values())  # {'field_1': 'someproperty', 'field_2': 30, 'field_3': 'anotherproperty'}
+
+        # Get only ready fields
+        ready_fields = somestruct.get_ready_fields()
+        print(f"Ready fields: {[field.name for field in ready_fields.values()]}")  # ['field_1', 'field_2']
+    """
+    name: str
+    fields: Dict[str, Field] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    _ready_cache: Optional[bool] = field(default=None, repr=False)
+
+    def add_field(self, name: str, field_type: type, initial_value: Any = None, ready: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Add a field to the node with an optional initial value and readiness state."""
+        self.fields[name] = Field(name=name, type=field_type, value=initial_value, ready=ready)
+        # Invalidate readiness cache
+        self._ready_cache = None
+
+    def get_field(self, name: str) -> Field:
+        """Get a field by name."""
+        return self.fields[name]
+
+    def set_field_value(self, name: str, value: Any, mark_ready: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Set a field's value and optionally mark it as ready."""
+        if name not in self.fields:
+            raise KeyError(f"Field '{name}' does not exist in node '{self.name}'")
+
+        self.fields[name].set_value(value, mark_ready)
+        # Invalidate readiness cache
+        self._ready_cache = None
+
+    def set_field_ready(self, name: str, is_ready: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Mark a field as ready or not ready."""
+        if name not in self.fields:
+            raise KeyError(f"Field '{name}' does not exist in node '{self.name}'")
+
+        self.fields[name].set_ready(is_ready)
+        # Invalidate readiness cache
+        self._ready_cache = None
+
+    @property
+    def is_ready(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the node is ready (all fields are ready)."""
+        # Use cached value if available
+        if self._ready_cache is not None:
+            return self._ready_cache
+
+        # Calculate readiness only when needed
+        if not self.fields:
+            self._ready_cache = False
+            return False
+
+        self._ready_cache = all(elem.ready for elem in self.fields.values())
+        return self._ready_cache
+
+    def get_field_values(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get a dictionary of field names to their values."""
+        return {name: elem.value for name, elem in self.fields.items()}
+
+    def get_ready_fields(self) -> Dict[str, Field]:
+        """Get all fields that are marked as ready."""
+        return {name: elem for name, elem in self.fields.items() if elem.ready}

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/import_detector.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import ast
+import logging
+from typing import List, Tuple, Dict
+import importlib
+import inspect
+
+from .dependency_handler import DependencyHandler
+from .ir_generation import IRGenerator
+from .vmlinux_class_handler import process_vmlinux_class
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def detect_import_statement(tree: ast.AST) -> List[Tuple[str, ast.ImportFrom]]:
+    """
+    Parse AST and detect import statements from vmlinux.
+
+    Returns a list of tuples (module_name, imported_item) for vmlinux imports.
+    Raises SyntaxError for invalid import patterns.
+
+    Args:
+        tree: The AST to parse
+
+    Returns:
+        List of tuples containing (module_name, imported_item) for each vmlinux import
+
+    Raises:
+        SyntaxError: If multiple imports from vmlinux are attempted or import * is used
+    """
+    vmlinux_imports = []
+
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        # Handle "from vmlinux import ..." statements
+        if isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom):
+            if node.module == "vmlinux":
+                # Check for wildcard import: from vmlinux import *
+                if any(alias.name == "*" for alias in node.names):
+                    raise SyntaxError(
+                        "Wildcard imports from vmlinux are not supported. "
+                        "Please import specific types explicitly."
+                    )
+
+                # Check for multiple imports: from vmlinux import A, B, C
+                if len(node.names) > 1:
+                    imported_names = [alias.name for alias in node.names]
+                    raise SyntaxError(
+                        f"Multiple imports from vmlinux are not supported. "
+                        f"Found: {', '.join(imported_names)}. "
+                        f"Please use separate import statements for each type."
+                    )
+
+                # Check if no specific import is specified (should not happen with valid Python)
+                if len(node.names) == 0:
+                    raise SyntaxError(
+                        "Import from vmlinux must specify at least one type."
+                    )
+
+                # Valid single import
+                for alias in node.names:
+                    import_name = alias.name
+                    # Use alias if provided, otherwise use the original name
+                    as_name = alias.asname if alias.asname else alias.name
+                    vmlinux_imports.append(("vmlinux", node))
+                    logger.info(f"Found vmlinux import: {import_name}")
+
+        # Handle "import vmlinux" statements (not typical but should be rejected)
+        elif isinstance(node, ast.Import):
+            for alias in node.names:
+                if alias.name == "vmlinux" or alias.name.startswith("vmlinux."):
+                    raise SyntaxError(
+                        f"Direct import of vmlinux module is not supported. "
+                        f"Use 'from vmlinux import <type>' instead."
+                    )
+
+    logger.info(f"Total vmlinux imports detected: {len(vmlinux_imports)}")
+    return vmlinux_imports
+
+def vmlinux_proc(tree: ast.AST, module):
+    import_statements = detect_import_statement(tree)
+
+    # initialise dependency handler
+    handler = DependencyHandler()
+    # initialise assignment dictionary of name to type
+    assignments: Dict[str, type] = {}
+
+    if not import_statements:
+        logger.info("No vmlinux imports found")
+        return
+
+    # Import vmlinux module directly
+    try:
+        vmlinux_mod = importlib.import_module("vmlinux")
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("Could not import vmlinux module")
+        return
+
+    source_file = inspect.getsourcefile(vmlinux_mod)
+    if source_file is None:
+        logger.warning("Cannot find source for vmlinux module")
+        return
+
+    with open(source_file, "r") as f:
+        mod_ast = ast.parse(f.read(), filename=source_file)
+
+    for import_mod, import_node in import_statements:
+        for alias in import_node.names:
+            imported_name = alias.name
+            found = False
+            for mod_node in mod_ast.body:
+                if isinstance(mod_node, ast.ClassDef) and mod_node.name == imported_name:
+                    process_vmlinux_class(mod_node, module, handler)
+                    found = True
+                    break
+                if isinstance(mod_node, ast.Assign):
+                    for target in mod_node.targets:
+                        if isinstance(target, ast.Name) and target.id == imported_name:
+                            process_vmlinux_assign(mod_node, module, assignments)
+                            found = True
+                            break
+                if found:
+                    break
+            if not found:
+                logger.info(f"{imported_name} not found as ClassDef or Assign in vmlinux")
+
+    IRGenerator(module, handler)
+
+def process_vmlinux_assign(node, module, assignments: Dict[str, type]):
+    raise NotImplementedError("Assignment handling has not been implemented yet")

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/ir_generation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# here, we will iterate through the dependencies and generate IR once dependencies are resolved fully
+from .dependency_handler import DependencyHandler
+
+
+class IRGenerator:
+    def __init__(self, module, handler):
+        self.module = module
+        self.handler: DependencyHandler = handler

pythonbpf/vmlinux_parser/vmlinux_class_handler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import ast
+import logging
+from functools import lru_cache
+import importlib
+from .dependency_handler import DependencyHandler
+from .dependency_node import DependencyNode
+import ctypes
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_module_symbols(module_name: str):
+    imported_module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+    return [name for name in dir(imported_module)], imported_module
+
+
+# Recursive function that gets all the dependent classes and adds them to handler
+def process_vmlinux_class(node, llvm_module, handler: DependencyHandler):
+    symbols_in_module, imported_module = get_module_symbols("vmlinux")
+
+    # Handle both node objects and type objects
+    if hasattr(node, 'name'):
+        current_symbol_name = node.name
+    elif hasattr(node, '__name__'):
+        current_symbol_name = node.__name__
+    else:
+        current_symbol_name = str(node)
+
+    if current_symbol_name not in symbols_in_module:
+        raise ImportError(f"{current_symbol_name} not present in module vmlinux")
+    logger.info(f"Resolving vmlinux class {current_symbol_name}")
+    logger.debug(f"Current handler state: {handler.is_ready} readiness and {handler.get_all_nodes()} all nodes")
+    field_table = {}  # should contain the field and it's type.
+
+    # Get the class object from the module
+    class_obj = getattr(imported_module, current_symbol_name)
+
+    # Below, I've written a general structure that gets class-info
+    # everytime, no matter the format in which it is present
+
+    # Inspect the class fields
+    # Assuming class_obj has fields stored in some standard way
+    # If it's a ctypes-like structure with _fields_
+    if hasattr(class_obj, '_fields_'):
+        for field_name, field_type in class_obj._fields_:
+            field_table[field_name] = field_type
+
+    # If it's using __annotations__
+    elif hasattr(class_obj, '__annotations__'):
+        for field_name, field_type in class_obj.__annotations__.items():
+            field_table[field_name] = field_type
+
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Could not get required class and definition")
+
+    logger.debug(f"Extracted fields for {current_symbol_name}: {field_table}")
+    if handler.has_node(current_symbol_name):
+        logger.info("Extraction pruned due to already available field")
+        return True
+    else:
+        new_dep_node = DependencyNode(name=current_symbol_name)
+        for elem_name, elem_type in field_table.items():
+            module_name = getattr(elem_type, "__module__", None)
+            if module_name == ctypes.__name__:
+                new_dep_node.add_field(elem_name, elem_type, ready=True)
+            elif module_name == "vmlinux":
+                new_dep_node.add_field(elem_name, elem_type, ready=False)
+                print("elem_name:", elem_name, "elem_type:", elem_type)
+                # currently fails when a non-normal type appears which is basically everytime
+                identify_ctypes_type(elem_type)
+                symbol_name = elem_type.__name__ if hasattr(elem_type, '__name__') else str(elem_type)
+                vmlinux_symbol = getattr(imported_module, symbol_name)
+                if process_vmlinux_class(vmlinux_symbol, llvm_module, handler):
+                    new_dep_node.set_field_ready(elem_name, True)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"{elem_name} with type {elem_type} not supported in recursive resolver")
+        handler.add_node(new_dep_node)
+        logger.info(f"added node: {current_symbol_name}")
+
+    return True
+
+def identify_ctypes_type(t):
+    if isinstance(t, type):  # t is a type/class
+        if issubclass(t, ctypes.Array):
+            print("Array type")
+            print("Element type:", t._type_)
+            print("Length:", t._length_)
+        elif issubclass(t, ctypes._Pointer):
+            print("Pointer type")
+            print("Points to:", t._type_)
+        elif issubclass(t, ctypes._SimpleCData):
+            print("Scalar type")
+            print("Base type:", t)
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Instance sent instead of Class")

tests/c-form/ex2.bpf.c

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include "vmlinux.h"
 #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
-#define u64 unsigned long long
-#define u32 unsigned int
+#include <bpf/bpf_endian.h>
 
 SEC("xdp")
 int hello(struct xdp_md *ctx) {
-    bpf_printk("Hello, World!\n");
+    bpf_printk("Hello, World! %ud \n", ctx->data);
     return XDP_PASS;
 }
 

tests/failing_tests/globals.py

@@ -3,16 +3,19 @@ import logging
 from pythonbpf import compile, bpf, section, bpfglobal, compile_to_ir
 from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64, c_int32
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def somevalue() -> c_int32:
     return c_int32(42)
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def somevalue2() -> c_int64:
     return c_int64(69)
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def somevalue1() -> c_int32:
@@ -21,12 +24,14 @@ def somevalue1() -> c_int32:
 
 # --- Passing examples ---
 
+
 # Simple constant return
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def g1() -> c_int64:
     return c_int64(42)
 
+
 # Constructor with one constant argument
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
@@ -62,15 +67,17 @@ def g2() -> c_int64:
 # def g6() -> c_int64:
 #     return c_int64(CONST)
 
+
 # Constructor with multiple args
-#TODO: this is not working. should it work ?
+# TODO: this is not working. should it work ?
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def g7() -> c_int64:
     return c_int64(1)
 
+
 # Dataclass call
-#TODO: fails with dataclass
+# TODO: fails with dataclass
 # @dataclass
 # class Point:
 #     x: c_int64
@@ -91,6 +98,7 @@ def sometag(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     print(f"{somevalue}")
     return c_int64(1)
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def LICENSE() -> str:

tests/failing_tests/named_arg.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64
 # We cannot allocate space for the intermediate type now.
 # We probably need to track the ref/deref chain for each variable.
 
+
 @bpf
 @map
 def count() -> HashMap:

tests/failing_tests/undeclared_values.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import logging
 from pythonbpf import compile, bpf, section, bpfglobal, compile_to_ir
 from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int64
 
+
 # This should not pass as somevalue is not declared at all.
 @bpf
 @section("tracepoint/syscalls/sys_enter_execve")
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ def sometag(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int64:
     print(f"{somevalue}")  # noqa: F821
     return c_int64(1)
 
+
 @bpf
 @bpfglobal
 def LICENSE() -> str:

tests/failing_tests/xdp_pass.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from pythonbpf import bpf, map, section, bpfglobal, compile, compile_to_ir
+from pythonbpf.maps import HashMap
+from pythonbpf.helper import XDP_PASS
+from vmlinux import struct_xdp_md
+from vmlinux import struct_ring_buffer_per_cpu  # noqa: F401
+from vmlinux import struct_xdp_buff  # noqa: F401
+from ctypes import c_int64
+
+# Instructions to how to run this program
+# 1. Install PythonBPF: pip install pythonbpf
+# 2. Run the program: python examples/xdp_pass.py
+# 3. Run the program with sudo: sudo tools/check.sh run examples/xdp_pass.o
+# 4. Attach object file to any network device with something like ./check.sh xdp examples/xdp_pass.o tailscale0
+# 5. send traffic through the device and observe effects
+
+
+@bpf
+@map
+def count() -> HashMap:
+    return HashMap(key=c_int64, value=c_int64, max_entries=1)
+
+
+@bpf
+@section("xdp")
+def hello_world(ctx: struct_xdp_md) -> c_int64:
+    key = 0
+    one = 1
+    prev = count().lookup(key)
+    if prev:
+        prevval = prev + 1
+        print(f"count: {prevval}")
+        count().update(key, prevval)
+        return XDP_PASS
+    else:
+        count().update(key, one)
+
+    return XDP_PASS
+
+
+@bpf
+@bpfglobal
+def LICENSE() -> str:
+    return "GPL"
+
+
+compile_to_ir("xdp_pass.py", "xdp_pass.ll")
+compile()

tests/passing_tests/return/typecast_var.py

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ from ctypes import c_void_p, c_int32
 @section("tracepoint/syscalls/sys_enter_execve")
 def hello_world(ctx: c_void_p) -> c_int32:
     print("Hello, World!")
-    a = 1 # int64
-    return c_int32(a) # typecast to int32
+    a = 1  # int64
+    return c_int32(a)  # typecast to int32
 
 
 @bpf

tools/vmlinux-gen.py

@@ -243,6 +243,17 @@ class BTFConverter:
             data
         )
 
+        # below to replace those c_bool with bitfield greater than 8
+        def repl(m):
+            name, bits = m.groups()
+            return f"('{name}', ctypes.c_uint32, {bits})" if int(bits) > 8 else m.group(0)
+
+        data = re.sub(
+            r"\('([^']+)',\s*ctypes\.c_bool,\s*(\d+)\)",
+            repl,
+            data
+        )
+
         # Remove ctypes. prefix from invalid entries
         invalid_ctypes = ["bpf_iter_state", "_cache_type", "fs_context_purpose"]
         for name in invalid_ctypes: